AO3 - monotropy

• What is one strength of Bowlby’s theory?

  Early infant behaviours support attachment formation
• What critical period does Bowlby suggest for attachment?

  Three to six months
• Why is it vital for infants to form attachments during the critical period?

  So caregivers can protect them
• What term do researchers now use instead of 'critical period'?

  Sensitive period
• What does the term 'sensitive period' suggest about attachment formation?

  Infants can form attachments after six months
• What is one strength of Bowlby’s theory related to monotropy?

  Research supports a hierarchical model of attachment
• Who concluded that a hierarchical model of attachment is more likely?

  Prior and Glaser
• What does Bowlby’s concept of monotropy emphasize?

  One special attachment is significant
• What did the Minnesota parent-child study find about early attachments?

  They relate to later emotional/social behaviour
• Who conducted the Minnesota parent-child study?

  Sroufe et al
• What did securely attached individuals show later in childhood?

  High social competence and empathy
• What does Bowlby’s continuity hypothesis suggest?

  Links early and later attachments
• What is a final criticism of Bowlby’s theory?

  The temperament hypothesis challenges his ideas
• Who found evidence for the temperament hypothesis?

  Belsky and Rovine
• What did Belsky and Rovine find about infants with behavioural instability?

  They were later judged insecurely attached
• How does the temperament hypothesis relate to Bowlby’s monotropic theory?

  It suggests his theory may be incomplete
• What did Guiton find about imprinting?

  Imprinting was reversible
• How do Guiton's findings challenge Lorenz's conclusions?

  They suggest attachments are not monotropic
• What is a weakness of Lorenz's study regarding generalization?

  Results may not apply to humans
• What type of animals were used in Lorenz's study?

  Baby geese
• What is the role of metapelets in Israel?

  They are special foster mums
• What are the four stages of attachment observed in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  1. Asocial stage
  2. Indiscriminate attachment stage
  3. Specific attachments stage
  4. Multiple attachment stage
• What is the first stage of attachment in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  Asocial stage
• What is the second stage of attachment in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  Indiscriminate attachment stage
• What is the third stage of attachment in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  Specific attachments stage
• What is the fourth stage of attachment in Schaffer and Emerson's study?

  Multiple attachment stage
• What does Bowlby's monotropic attachment theory emphasize?

  That attachments are primarily formed with one caregiver
• How does the communal care in Israel relate to attachment theory?

  It shows variations in attachment practices
• What is Bowlby’s monotropic theory of attachment primarily about?

  Importance of attachment for emotional development
• How did Bowlby’s theory impact real-world policy?

  Led to extended visiting hours in hospitals
• What change was made in Sweden due to Bowlby’s theory?

  Increased parental leave for new parents
• What unintended negative effect did Bowlby’s theory have on women?

  Caused guilt for not staying home with children