The haber process

• What is the harbour process used for?

  Industrial production of ammonia
• Why is the harbour process important?

  It produces ammonia for nitrogen-based fertilizers
• At what temperature is the harbour process conducted?

  450 degrees Celsius
• What pressure is used in the harbour process?

  200 atmospheres
• What role does the iron catalyst play in the harbour process?

  It speeds up the reaction without being consumed
• What percentage of air is nitrogen?

  78%
• How is hydrogen obtained for the harbour process?

  From hydrocarbons like methane
• What type of reaction is the harbour process?

  It is an exothermic and reversible reaction
• What happens to ammonia in the reaction mixture?

  It condenses into liquid ammonia
• Why is a condenser used in the harbour process?

  To cool and condense gaseous ammonia
• Why is 450 degrees Celsius chosen as the temperature for the harbour process?

  It is a compromise for yield and reaction rate
• What is the effect of temperature on the percentage yield in the harbour process?

  Lower temperature favors higher percentage yield
• How does pressure affect the harbour process?

  High pressure increases yield and reaction rate
• What are the practical considerations for using high pressure in the harbour process?

  Cost and safety concerns limit pressure
• What is the best pressure for the harbour process?

  200 atmospheres
• What are the key conditions for the harbour process?

  • Temperature: 450 degrees Celsius
  • Pressure: 200 atmospheres
  • Catalyst: Iron
• What are the trade-offs in choosing temperature for the harbour process?

  • Low temperature favors yield
  • High temperature increases reaction rate
  • 450 degrees Celsius is a compromise
• What are the trade-offs in choosing pressure for the harbour process?

  • High pressure favors yield
  • High pressure increases reaction rate
  • Cost and safety limit maximum pressure