observation

• What is observation in sociological research?

  It is watching and recording events.
• How might different sociologists perceive the same observation?

  They might perceive it differently.
• What variables can affect observation results?

  Memory, emotional state, and prejudice.
• What is participant observation?

  • Researcher takes part in the research
  • Can be covert (undercover)
  • Helps avoid participant behavior change
• What is a problem with participant observation?

  Researchers may forget observations later.
• What is non-participant observation?

  • Researchers do not take part
  • They observe and record behavior
  • Can be overt (participants know they are observed)
• What is the purpose of an observation schedule?

  To eliminate mistakes and bias in data.
• What are the advantages of non-participant observation?

  • Objective data collection
  • High reliability
• What are the advantages of participant observation?

  • High validity
  • Produces qualitative data
• What is a disadvantage of non-participant observation?

  It can provide little depth and detail.
• What is the observer effect in non-participant overt observation?

  Participants may alter their behavior.
• What ethical issues arise from participant covert observation?

  Informed consent cannot be obtained.
• What must sociologists ensure during covert observation?

  Participants remain anonymous and unharmed.