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Module 2 Chemistry
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Cards (234)
Who believed in the indivisible atom in the 5th Century BCE?
Democritus
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What did Democritus propose about atoms?
Atoms are the
smallest
particles to exist
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What did Dalton's early atomic theory state about atoms?
Atoms are tiny particles that make up
elements
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What was a key feature of Dalton's atomic theory?
All atoms of a given
element
are the same
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What did Dalton develop related to atomic masses?
The first
table
of atomic masses
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What did J.J. Thomson discover about cathode rays?
Cathode rays are
negatively charged electrons
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What model did Thomson propose based on his discoveries?
The "
plum pudding
" model of the atom
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What did Rutherford's gold foil experiment discover?
The existence of the
nucleus
in
atoms
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What did Rutherford conclude about the nucleus?
It has a small
concentrated
positive charge
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What is the nuclear model proposed by Rutherford?
An atom has a dense
nucleus
with orbiting electrons
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What did Bohr's model explain about electrons?
Electrons
orbit
in shells around the nucleus
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How did Bohr's model improve upon Rutherford's model?
It prevented
electrons
from spiraling into the nucleus
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What did Rutherford discover in 1918?
The
proton
as a component of the nucleus
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What did de Broglie suggest about particles in 1923?
Particles have both
wave
and
particle
nature
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What concept did Schrodinger introduce in 1926?
Atomic orbitals
for electrons
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What did Chadwick discover in 1932?
The
neutron
as a neutral particle
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What are quarks in modern atomic theory?
Smaller particles that make up
protons
and
neutrons
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What particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
Protons
and
neutrons
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What accounts for most of an atom's mass?
The dense
nucleus
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What is the charge of an atom when protons equal electrons?
Electrically neutral
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What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?
1.0
and +1
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What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?
1.0
and 0
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What is the relative mass and charge of an electron?
1/2000
and
-1
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How are elements described in terms of atomic structure?
By
atomic number
and
mass number
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What are isotopes?
Elements with the same
protons
, different
neutrons
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How do isotopes of the same element react chemically?
They
react
in
the
same
way
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What forms ions?
Loss or gain of
electrons
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What is the unified atomic
mass
unit
symbol
?
u
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What is the mass of carbon-12 defined as?
12u
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What is relative isotopic mass measured against?
Carbon-12
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What does relative atomic mass consider?
Contributions from
isotopes
of each element
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How is relative molecular mass calculated?
By adding the masses of each
element
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What does mass spectrometry measure?
Mass-to-charge ratio
of ions
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What does a mass spectrum show?
Relative abundance of
isotopes
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How is relative atomic mass calculated from mass spectrum data?
Using
relative abundance
and
isotopic masses
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What does the periodic table help predict about ions?
The
charge
based on
group number
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What is the charge of molecular ions?
Shared across the whole molecule
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How do you determine the formula of an ionic compound?
By balancing the
charges
of ions
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What is the formula for calculating moles?
n = m /
M
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What is the molar mass of a substance?
Mass per
mole
of a substance
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See all 234 cards
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