Cell membrane 2

• Three types of Cell Transport Passive Active Bulk Transport
• Passive Transport

  A process that does not require energy to move molecules from a HIGH to LOW concentration
• Simple Diffusion is the random movement of particles or solutes in an area
• Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane

  Water moves across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• Hypertonic Solutions: contain a high concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel
• Hypotonic Solutions: contain a low concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuses into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode.
• Isotonic Solutions: contain the same concentration of solute as another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the water diffuses into and out of the cell at the same rate. The fluid that surrounds the body cells is isotonic.
• Hypertonic: the water or solution OUTSIDE of the cell is saltier than the INSIDE of the cell.
• Hyper = “more” or “above” This will cause it to shrivel, and shrink
• Hypotonic: Hypo means “less than” or “below” A hypotonic solution will cause the cell to take in water, and swell
• Isotonic: the water outside of the cell has an EQUAL amount of salt as the water INSIDE of the cell. Iso means “equal” Will cause NO CHANGE in cell size
• Facilitated diffusion requires the help of carrier and channel proteins These particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• EXOcytosis = how materials EXIT the cell (how the cell uses the bathroom)
• ENDOcytosis = how materials ENTER the cell (cell eating/engulfing) ex. Macrophages
• PINOcytosis= how small materials ENTER the cell (cellular drinking/engulfing)
• PHAGOcytosis = how larger materials ENTER the cell (cell eating/engulfing)