GenChem2

• What is the basic definition of matter?

  Anything that has mass and occupies space
• What are the common properties of all forms of matter?

  Mass and volume
• What are general properties of matter?

  Properties present in all kinds of matter
• What are specific properties of matter?

  Observable only in a particular kind of matter
• What fundamental properties describe matter?

  Mass, volume, weight, density, specific gravity
• What does mass refer to in an object?


  The amount of matter in an object
• How is mass measured?

  In grams (g) or kilograms (kg)
• Why does a block of wood have greater mass than a beach ball?

  It has more closely packed particles
• What is the difference between mass and weight?

  Mass is constant; weight varies with gravity
• How is weight calculated?

  Mass multiplied by gravitational force
• What happens to an astronaut's weight on the moon?

  It is approximately one-sixth of weight on Earth
• What is volume in relation to matter?


  The amount of space occupied by matter
• How can volume be measured?

  Using instruments or mathematical equations
• What units are used to express the volume of liquids?

  Milliliters (mL) or liters (L)
• What units are used to express the volume of solids?

  Cubic centimeters (cm³) or cubic meters (m³)
• What does density express in matter?

  The ratio between mass and volume
• In what units is density often expressed?


  kg/m³ or g/cm³
• What does a higher density indicate about an object?

  It has more compact particles
• What is specific gravity?

  The ratio of a substance's density to a standard
• What is the standard substance for comparing liquids and solids?

  Water at 4°C
• What is the standard substance for comparing gases?

  Air at room temperature (20°C)
• Why must temperature and pressure be specified for specific gravity?

  To ensure accurate comparison
• What are physical properties of matter?

  Observable or measurable qualities without change
• What happens to solids when they absorb heat?

  They turn into liquids through melting
• What is the melting point?

  The temperature at which solids turn to liquids
• How does the melting point vary among materials?

  It varies according to their composition
• What is the freezing point?

  The temperature at which liquids turn to solids
• What happens to liquids when they are cooled?

  They solidify as their particles slow down
• What is the boiling point?

  The temperature at which liquids vaporize
• What occurs when a liquid reaches its boiling point?

  It vaporizes into a gaseous state
• How does atmospheric pressure affect boiling point?

  Lower pressure causes liquids to boil faster
• How do melting and freezing points compare for pure water?

  Both are at 0°C under standard conditions
• What is unique about fats and oils regarding melting and freezing points?

  They melt at higher temperatures than freezing
• What is the melting point of tungsten?


  3400°C
• What are the properties of matter that can be observed or measured?

  • Mass
  • Volume
  • Weight
  • Density
  • Specific gravity
  • Melting point
  • Boiling point
  • Freezing point
  • Solubility
  • Texture
  • Shape
  • Color
• What are the differences between physical and chemical properties of matter?

  Physical Properties:

  • Observable without changing composition
  • Examples: mass, volume, color

  
  

  Chemical Properties:

  • Observable during a chemical reaction
  • Examples: reactivity, flammability
• What are the phase changes of matter when heat is applied or removed?

  • Melting: solid to liquid
  • Freezing: liquid to solid
  • Vaporization: liquid to gas
  • Condensation: gas to liquid
• What factors affect the boiling point of a liquid?

  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Composition of the liquid
  • Temperature of the surroundings
• What happens to a liquid's particles when heated?

  They absorb heat energy and move faster
• What is vaporization?

  Change from liquid state to gaseous state