Rhetoric

• Modes of Persuasion (EPL):

  • Ethos
  • Pathos
  • Logos
• What is "Ethos" in English?

  Credibility
• What is "Pathos" in English?

  Emotion
• What is "Logos" in English?

  Logic
• Three Types of Persuasive Speech (FES):

  • Forensic/Judicial Rhetoric
  • Epidectic/Demonstrative Rhetoric
  • Symbouleutikon/Deliberative Rhetoric
• Forensic/Judicial Rhetoric

  • Establishes facts and judgments about the past
• Epidectic/Demonstrative Rhetoric

  • Establishes facts and judgments about the present
• Symbouleutikon/Deliberative Rhetoric

  • Establishes facts and judgments about the future
• Ethos

  • Used as a means of convincing an audience by offering realibility, honesty, and credibility
  • This usually means a respected authority, figure, or celebrity giving a product or brand a testimonial or endorsement
• Vic Sotto (Bossing)

  • The most trustworth endorser for men
• Kris Aquino

  • The most trustworthy endorser for women
• Examples of Ethos (RMB):

  • References to expertise, credentials, or experience.
  • Mentions of moral responsibility or trustworthiness.
  • Barack Obama
• Pathos

  • Used as a means of persuading an audience by appealing to their emotions.
  • This often involves storytelling, vivid imagery, or emotionally charged language to elicit feelings such as sympathy, anger, joy, or excitement.
• Ethos answer the question?

  Why should I trust this person?
• Examples of Pathos

  • Emotional language or imagery.
  • Stories, anecdotes, or examples designed to create empathy or stir emotions.
• Pathos answers the question?

  How does this make me feel?
• Logos

  • Appeals to logic and reason by using statistics, facts, and figures
  • Aristotle considered this the biggie.
  • In this modern day, logic has leveled off
  • The top mode of persuasion is up for grabs
• Aristotle is a _____ philosopher

  Greek philosopher
• Who was Aristotle's teacher?

  Plato
• Who was Aristotle's student?

  Alexander the Great
• Courage

  • According to Aristotle, it is the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees the others
• Criticism

  • This is something we can avoid easily by saying nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing
• Democracy

  • It is when the indigent, and not the men of property, are the rulers
• Dignity

  • It does not consist in possessing humans, but in deserving them
• Rhetorical Triangle

  • Connects the speaker (ethos), audience (pathos), and message (logos), emphasizing how these elements must work together for effective communication.
• Kairos

  • The importance of timing and context in persuasion
• Enthymeme

  • A rhetorical syllogism where part of the argument is implied
• Rhetoric

  • The art of seeing the available means of persuasion
  • Study and uses of written, spoken, and visual language
  • It investigates now language is used to organize and maintain social groups, construct meanings and identities, coordinate behavior, mediate power, produce change, and create knowledge
• Emotions (AFFSK, PE):

  • Anger
  • Friendship
  • Fear
  • Shame
  • Kind
  • Pity
  • Envy
• Rhetorics

  • The ability to see all of the available means of persuasion
  • Any communication used to modify the perspective of others
• Five Basic Elements in Rhetorical Situations (TAAPS):

  • Text
  • Author
  • Audience
  • Purposes
  • Setting
• Text

  • An actual instance or piece of communication
• Author

  • Someone who uses communication
• Audience

  • A recipient of communication
• Purposes

  • Varied reasons both authors and audiences communicate
• Setting

  • The time, place, and environment surrounding a moment of communication
• Aristotle's Modes for Persuasion (Rhetorical Appeals)

  • Means of persuading others to believe a particular point of view
  • A compelling argument, sales pitch, or commercial ideally use elements of all three strategi
• Rhetorical Situations

  • Any set of circumstances that involves at least one person using some sort of communication to modify the perspective of at least one other person