biomolecules ATP

• What is the definition of energy?

  The ability to do work
• How is energy usually measured?

  In kilojoules (kJ)
• What does the law of conservation of energy state?

  Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
• What are forms of energy that can be stored called?

  Potential energy
• Why do living organisms require energy?

  To synthesize complex molecules and for active transport
• What is the sodium-potassium pump used for?

  Active transport across membranes
• What is ATP hydrolysis?

  The breakdown of ATP to release energy
• What is the role of actin and myosin in muscle contraction?

  They facilitate muscle contraction
• How do living organisms obtain energy?

  Through respiration
• What is ATP considered in biological systems?

  The universal energy currency
• Why is ATP important for living organisms?

  It couples energy-releasing and energy-requiring reactions
• What is the simplified structure of ATP?

  Adenosine triphosphate (P-P-P)
• What happens during the hydrolysis of ATP?

  Energy is released and phosphate is freed
• How does ATP lower activation energy in reactions?

  By phosphorylating other compounds
• What special properties does water have due to its polarity?

  It can dissolve positive and negative ions
• Why does water have a high heat capacity?

  Hydrogen bonding requires a lot of energy
• What is the charge distribution in a dipolar molecule?

  Unequal distribution of charge
• What is the significance of hydrogen bonds in water?

  They allow water molecules to stick together