lesson 4

Cards (36)

  • What was the primary economic motive during the 15th-16th century?
    Desire for wealth (gold and silver)
  • What accounts influenced the desire for wealth in the 15th-16th century?
    Accounts of Marco Polo and Crusades
  • What was the demand that led to the cultivation of cash crops in colonies?
    Demand for spices and luxury goods
  • What caused the monopoly of Venetian merchants?
    The fall of Constantinople
  • How did the fall of Constantinople affect Spain and Portugal?
    It urged them to sail to new lands
  • What economic system was dominant in the 16th century?
    Mercantilism
  • How was the power of a nation measured in mercantilism?
    By the amount of gold and silver
  • What did colonies allow European countries to control?
    Markets, labor, raw materials, and capital
  • What became the interest of many colonial powers?
    Exploitation and extraction
  • What event rocked the stability of the Roman Catholic Church?
    The Protestant Reformation
  • What role did missionaries play during the Age of Encounter?
    They were sent to new lands
  • How was the cross used during the Age of Encounter?
    As a weapon of subjugation
  • Who founded the first colony in Massachusetts?
    The Pilgrim Fathers
  • What was the Reconquista?
    A military campaign to expel Muslims from Spain
  • What was the desire of European powers during the Age of Encounter?
    Supremacy in navigation and naval power
  • What mindset did the Renaissance bring to Europeans?
    To seek glory and fame for their country
  • How did Christopher Columbus challenge traditional theories?
    By proving the Earth is not flat
  • What type of vessel was the caravel?
    An efficient 15th-century ship
  • What features made the caravel efficient?
    Square sails and sturdy hull
  • What vessel replaced the caravel in the 16th century?
    The galleon
  • What was the advantage of the galleon over the caravel?
    Greater carrying capacity and superiority
  • What instruments were used for navigation during the Age of Encounter?
    Compass and astrolabe
  • What was the purpose of the sextant?
    To measure angular distances of celestial bodies
  • Who developed the Mercator map?
    Gerardus Mercator
  • What was the purpose of improved gunpowder weapons?
    To enhance military capabilities
  • What did joint-stock companies do?
    Financed expeditions by pooling resources
  • How did monarchies contribute to exploration?
    By harnessing collective energies for exploration
  • What are the techniques of empire-building during the Age of Encounter?
    • Trading Empires: Establishing trading posts
    • Settlement Empires: Setting up colonies with governance
    • Working with local rulers through treaties
  • What did trading empires establish along strategic routes?
    Trading posts to support interests
  • What characterized settlement empires?
    Overseas colonies with European governance
  • What was the impact of settlement empires on colonized peoples?
    Imposition of foreign laws and values
  • Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
    A Spanish explorer
  • Who was Bartholomew Diaz?
    A Portuguese explorer
  • Who was Jacques Cartier?
    A French explorer
  • Who was Sir Francis Drake?
    A British explorer
  • What were the Dutch East and West India Companies?
    Trading companies from the Netherlands