L1A: Basics of anatomy

Cards (38)

  • What are the transport systems in the body?
    Blood, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system
  • What are the two types of internal communication in the body?
    Nervous system and endocrine system
  • What are the special senses?
    Vision, hearing, olfaction, equilibrium, gustation
  • How is verbal communication produced?
    Sound produced in larynx by expired air
  • What is the function of non-verbal communication?
    Conveys emotions through facial expressions
  • What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
    Intake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide
  • What is the pharynx commonly known as?
    Throat
  • What is the larynx commonly referred to as?
    Voice box
  • What is the trachea commonly known as?
    Windpipe
  • How much fluid intake is recommended per day?
    6-10 half pints glasses
  • Where does absorption primarily occur in the body?
    In the small and large intestine
  • What is the effect of rapid transit on absorption?
    Less absorption occurs
  • What substances are excreted by the kidneys?
    Water, urea, hydrogen ions, waste
  • Where is urine stored before excretion?
    In the bladder
  • What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal tract?
    Indigestion of food and elimination of faeces
  • What is the balance of intake in the gastrointestinal tract?
    Macronutrients and micronutrients
  • What are the three types of digestion?
    Mechanical, chemical, and enzymic breakdown
  • What does metabolism consist of?
    Anabolism and catabolism
  • What is excreted as solid waste?
    Faeces
  • What is the largest organ of the body?
    Skin
  • What are the functions of the skin?
    Barrier, sensory input, thermoregulation
  • What are the two main layers of the skin?
    Epidermis and dermis
  • What is the epidermis?
    Top layer made of epithelial cells
  • What does the dermis contain?
    Blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles
  • What is the role of innate immune cells?
    Defence at body surface
  • What are the types of nonspecific defense mechanisms?
    Physical barriers and natural antimicrobial substances
  • What is inflammation a result of?
    Non-specific defense mechanisms
  • What is the adaptive immune system responsible for?
    Specific defense against pathogens
  • What type of immunity do T-lymphocytes provide?
    Cell mediated immunity
  • What type of immunity do B-lymphocytes provide?
    Humoral immunity
  • What is the primary function of the musculoskeletal system?
    Allows movement for various activities
  • What are the components of the musculoskeletal system?
    Skeletal, joints, muscles
  • What types of muscle movements are there?
    Voluntary and involuntary movements
  • What is the primary goal of the reproductive system?
    Survival of the fittest
  • What are the key components of the reproductive system?
    Ova, sperm, coitus, fertilization
  • What is the process of pregnancy?
    Development of the embryo after fertilization
  • What is involved in rearing young?
    Care and maturation of offspring
  • What is maturation in the context of reproduction?
    Development of offspring to adulthood