Relationships

• What does sexual selection explain about certain characteristics?

  They may be advantageous for sexual selection
• What is the term that describes differences between male and female gametes?

  Anisogamy
• What are the two types of sexual selection?

  Intra-sexual selection and inter-sexual selection
• Why do females prefer inter-sexual selection?

  They invest more energy into ova
• What does Fisher's 'sexy sons hypothesis' suggest?

  Attractive males produce attractive offspring
• What is the focus of intra-sexual selection?

  Strategies used within sexes to attract mates
• What is a common strategy of males in intra-sexual selection?

  Behaving aggressively to protect females
• What does dimorphism refer to in this context?

  Physical differences between male and female sexes
• What approach do Chang et al (2011) suggest regarding reproductive patterns?

  An interactionist approach combining culture and evolution
• How has women's emphasis on resource availability changed?

  Women are now more financially independent
• What hip to waist ratio indicates fertility?

  Approximately 0.7
• What did Clark and Hatfield (1989) find about sexual selection?

  Males are more willing to sleep with strangers
• What is self-disclosure in romantic relationships?

  Information revealed to increase intimacy
• What does Altman and Taylor's 'social penetration' theory propose?

  Self-disclosure increases intimacy and trust
• What analogy do Altman and Taylor use to describe self-disclosure?

  An onion analogy representing layers of information
• What can revealing too much information at the beginning of a relationship cause?

  Detrimental effects on trust
• What are the two elements of social penetration theory according to Reis and Shaver (1988)?

  Depth and breadth
• What happens when there is high breadth in self-disclosure?

  It results in low levels of depth
• What is key to maintaining an intimate relationship?

  A balance between depth and breadth
• What did Hass and Stafford (1998) find about self-disclosure?

  57% of couples used it to maintain intimacy
• What is a methodological issue with correlational studies?

  Causal conclusions cannot be made
• What did Laurenceau et al (2005) find regarding self-disclosure?

  High intimacy correlates with high self-disclosure
• What physical traits are we predisposed to find attractive?

  Neotenous faces and facial symmetry
• What does the halo effect suggest about attractive people?

  They are associated with positive characteristics
• What is the Matching Hypothesis in relationships?

  Balance between attractiveness and attainability
• What did McNully et al (2008) find about physical attractiveness?

  It remains important even after marriage
• How does Towhey (1979) view physical attractiveness?

  It varies in importance based on individual beliefs
• What did Cunningham et al (1995) find about physical attractiveness across cultures?

  Similar features are attractive in both cultures
• What did Palmer and Peterson (2012) find about the halo effect?

  Attractive people are judged as politically skilled
• What is the first filter in Kerckhoff and Davis's filter theory?

  Social demography
• What does proximity provide in relationships?

  Accessibility for communication and formation
• What is the second filter in filter theory?

  Similarity in attitudes
• What is the third filter in filter theory?

  Complementarity
• What is the importance of complementarity in long-term relationships?

  It helps partners feel they complete each other
• What is the first filter in relationship formation according to filter theory?

  Demographic features
• Why is proximity important in relationship formation?

  It provides accessibility for communication
• How does proximity affect dissimilarities in social demographic features?

  Close proximity may outweigh dissimilarities
• Why is similarity in attitudes important in short-term relationships?

  It prevents incompatibility in the long-term
• How does complementarity contribute to relationship success?

  It helps partners feel they complete each other
• How has the Internet affected filter theory's validity?

  It expands the field of desirables