Stages of Attachment

• What are Schaffer's stages of attachment?

  Four stages of attachment development
• How did Schaffer study attachment formation in babies?

  By observing 60 babies over 18 months
• What age range does Stage 1 of attachment cover?

  0-2 months
• What is the main characteristic of Stage 1 (Asocial) of attachment?

  Interactions with humans and objects are similar
• What age range does Stage 2 of attachment cover?

  2-7 months
• What is a key feature of Stage 2 (Indiscriminate Attachment)?

  Prefers humans over inanimate objects
• What age range does Stage 3 of attachment cover?

  7+ months
• What indicates the presence of specific attachment in Stage 3?

  Stranger and separation anxiety
• What percentage of primary attachments are with mothers in Stage 3?

  65%
• What age does Stage 4 of attachment typically begin?

  Approximately 12 months
• What happens in Stage 4 (Multiple Attachments)?

  Stranger and separation anxiety can develop with others
• What is a key point about the external validity of Schaffer's study?

  Observations were made during normal activities
• What is a potential bias in Schaffer's study regarding parent reports?

  Parents may overthink their observations
• What criticism exists regarding the asocial stage of attachment?

  It may not be valid due to interaction
• What cultural limitation is noted in Schaffer's study?

  Sample was from one location only
• How might cultural differences affect attachment stages?

  Different cultures may have varied attachment patterns