william in power

• What did William need to explain regarding the earls?

  Why they submitted to him and border protection
• What happened after the Battle of Hastings?

  William marched to Dover and fell ill
• Who did the English nobility choose as their successor?

  Edgar Atheling
• Why did the English nobility not attack William at Dover?

  They chose Edgar Atheling as successor
• What strategy did William use around London?

  Intimidation rather than direct attack
• Why did Edgar Atheling and the earls submit to William?

  William seized the royal treasury
• What was a consequence of the Battle of Hastings for English warriors?

  Many of England's best warriors died
• What did the surviving English nobles believe about William's victory?

  It was God's will
• What did William promise his followers?

  Great riches for their support
• What tax did William set to pay his mercenaries?

  A heavy gold tax
• Who were the first three Marcher earls?

  Hugh d’Avranches, William FitzOsbern, Roger de Montgomery
• What powers did the Marcher earls have?

  • Create new towns for colonization
  • Total control over sheriffs
  • Exempt from land taxes
  • Build castles as desired
• What happened to Cædb and Morcar's earldoms?

  They were smaller than before
• Who was promised in marriage to William's daughter?

  Edna
• What happened to everyone who fought against William?

  They lost their lands
• What new earldoms did William create to protect the Marches?

  Hereford, Shrewsbury, Chester
• What was the purpose of the Norman motte and bailey castles?

  To establish control and secure conquest
• How did castles differ from burhs?

  Castles controlled Anglo-Saxons; burhs protected them
• What psychological impact did castles have on local populations?

  Made locals feel dominated
• What was the most serious Anglo-Saxon resistance after the Norman conquest?

  Revolts led by Edgar Ætheling
• What was the outcome of the Anglo-Saxon resistance (1068-71)?

  William replaced Anglo-Saxon aristocracy with Normans
• What extreme measures did William take during the Harrying of the North?

  Laid waste to the north
• What were the immediate consequences of the Harrying of the North?

  Death of thousands from starvation
• What long-term consequence did the Harrying of the North have on Yorkshire?

  20 years later, it had not recovered
• How did the Harrying of the North affect the Danish invaders?

  They went to Ely due to lack of bases
• What was the impact of landownership changes by 1087?

  Over half the land held by 190 earls
• What percentage of land was still held by Anglo-Saxon aristocrats in 1087?

  About 5%
• What happened to land when landholders died without an heir?

  It reverted back to the king
• How did the changes in landownership affect thegns?

  They became serfs to the Normans
• What did Anglo-Saxons have to do to redeem their land?

  Pay William to get it back
• What was the king's royal estates' percentage of land in 1087?

  20%
• What percentage of land did the Church own in 1087?

  25%
• What happened to the lands of those who acted against the king?

  They could forfeit their land
• What was the impact of the Norman followers on land inheritance?

  They inherited land from deceased thegns
• What percentage of land in England was held by earls-in-chief in 1087?

  Over 50%
• How many Anglo-Saxon earls were there in 1087?

  Two
• What percentage of land was still held by Anglo-Saxon aristocrats in 1087?

  5%
• What portion of land did the king own in 1087?

  20%
• What percentage of land was owned by the Church in 1087?

  25%
• What were the ways land could be lost or gained after the Norman Conquest?

  • Payment to redeem land
  • Inheritance payments to the king
  • Forfeiture upon death without an heir
  • Forfeiture for acting against the king