norman england

• Who established himself as the owner of all England's land?

  William
• What did William's tenants-in-chief receive in return for military service?

  Huge grants of land
• How did the feudal hierarchy function in terms of land distribution?

  Land was granted down the hierarchy
• What is a barony?

  Lands held by a baron
• What is a fief or feud?

  Land held by a vassal for service
• What does homage signify in the feudal system?

  A public display of allegiance
• Who is a tenant-in-chief?

  Someone holding land directly from the king
• What is a vassal in the feudal system?

  Someone who holds land from another
• How is society organized in a hierarchy?

  Levels of importance with obedience
• How many days a year did knights swear duty to the king?

  Up to 40 days
• What were some roles of knights serving the king?

  Guarding castles and fighting
• What did knights need to be equipped with for battles?

  Horses and armor
• What were the military responsibilities of tenants-in-chief?

  Fought for the king and led knights
• What social role did tenants-in-chief play?

  Dealt with barony land disputes
• What economic role did tenants-in-chief have?

  Paid taxes from large rentals
• What political role did tenants-in-chief serve?

  Advisors on the royal council
• What were the key features of the feudal hierarchy?

  • King at the top
  • Tenants-in-chief below the king
  • Vassals under tenants-in-chief
  • Peasants at the bottom
• What did William I grant to tenants-in-chief?

  Land and tax concessions
• What did tenants-in-chief provide in return for land?

  Loyalty and military service
• What was the role of under-tenants in the feudal system?

  Provided military service for land
• What was the role of peasants in the feudal system?

  Farming on vassal's land
• How were most peasants bound in the feudal system?

  Bound to one lord
• What was the nature of feudalism's development?

  It took several decades to develop
• How did William use the Conquest to consolidate power?

  Cleared complex landholder relationships
• How did feudalism ensure military power for the king?

  Provided knights without payment
• What was the role of knights in the feudal system?

  Provided service in battle
• What was the impact of the feudal system on peasants?

  Bound them to their lord
• What did the Domesday Book document?

  The king's possessions and land ownership
• How did William control his barons?

  Through grants of land and forfeiture
• What was the significance of homage in land inheritance?

  Required formal ceremony for inheritance
• What was Lanfranc's role in the Church?

  Reformed and centralized Church control
• What was the criticism against Stigand?

  Encouraged corruption and pluralism
• What changes did Lanfranc implement in the Church?

  Increased hierarchy and control
• What was the impact of Lanfranc's reforms on clergy trials?

  Clergy tried in Church-only courts
• How did the Norman Conquest affect Anglo-Saxon society?

  Introduced new landholding structures
• What was the role of the sheriff in Norman government?

  Managed the king's shire
• Why were some sheriffs resented by the people?

  Exploited powers for personal gain
• What did the royal forest symbolize for ordinary people?

  A hated symbol of royal power
• How did the role of sheriffs change from Anglo-Saxon to Norman times?

  Gained more power and direct control
• What was the significance of the Revolt of the Earls in 1075?

  Showed resistance to William's control