DNA

• What is the primary function of DNA in biology?

  It tells the body which proteins to make
• Why is it important to know about the structure of DNA?

  It is essential for understanding genetic instructions
• What is the structure of DNA?

  • DNA is a double helix
  • Contains all genetic material
  • Made of two strands
• What are the components of a DNA strand?

  DNA strands are made of nucleotides
• What is a nucleotide?

  A nucleotide is a molecule in DNA
• What does each nucleotide contain?

  Each nucleotide contains a base
• How do the bases in DNA strands interact?

  They are tightly wound together
• What is a polymer?

  • A polymer is a large, complex molecule
  • Made from long chains of monomers
  • DNA is a polymer made of nucleotides
• What are monomers?

  Small, basic molecules
• Why is DNA considered a very important molecule?

  It contains instructions for organisms to function
• What is the role of enzymes in cells?

  They help make molecules quickly
• How do enzymes affect chemical reactions?

  They speed up chemical reactions
• What is a substrate in relation to enzymes?

  A substrate is a molecule that is changed
• How do enzymes interact with their substrates?

  Enzymes bind to their substrates
• What happens when an enzyme binds to its substrate?

  The enzyme changes the substrate
• What is the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

  Temperature affects enzyme activity
• What happens to an enzyme at high temperatures?

  It can become damaged and change shape
• What occurs if the temperature is too low for an enzyme?

  The enzyme works more slowly
• What does it mean when an enzyme is denatured?

  The enzyme stops working irreversibly
• What are the key points about enzymes?

  • Enzymes are proteins
  • They act as biological catalysts
  • Each enzyme is specific to its substrate
  • Temperature affects their activity
• What is the relationship between enzymes and proteins?

  All enzymes are proteins
• How does enzyme specificity work?

  Each enzyme is specific to its substrate
• How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

  High temperatures can denature enzymes
• What happens to enzyme activity when temperature increases?

  It increases until denaturation occurs
• What are the consequences of enzyme denaturation?

  • Enzyme stops working
  • Irreversible damage occurs
  • No more products are made