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Medicine through Time
18th-19th c. Medicine
Advances in Surgery
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Created by
lora balfe
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Cards (33)
What was the common method of anesthesia in early 19th century surgery?
No
anesthesia
was used
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Why was alcohol not used for amputations?
It made the
heartbeat
too fast
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What was the main cause of death during early surgeries?
Pain, infection,
blood loss
, and shock
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What was the purpose of the tourniquet during amputations?
To control
blood loss
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What was the procedure for amputation in the early 19th century?
Cut deep to the
bone
in one swift movement
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What was used to cauterize the wound after an amputation?
Hot
irons
or
ligatures
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What was the success rate of surgeries in the early 19th century?
About
50%
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What breakthrough in anesthesia occurred in the 1840s?
Ether
was introduced
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What was a major risk associated with ether as an anesthetic?
It could kill the
patient
if overused
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Who discovered chloroform as an anesthetic?
James Simpson
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What was the significance of chloroform for childbirth?
It relieved
excessive
pain during labor
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How did the Church view the use of anesthetics during childbirth?
It was seen as interfering with
God's will
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Which royal figure supported the use of chloroform?
Queen Victoria
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What was nitrous oxide commonly known as?
Laughing gas
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What was a disadvantage of nitrous oxide as an anesthetic?
It was not a
general anesthetic
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Who was Joseph Lister and what did he contribute?
He developed
antiseptic
surgery
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What did Lister use to prevent infections during surgery?
Carbolic
spray
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What was the impact of Lister's methods on patient survival rates?
Reduced fatalities from
46%
to
15%
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What did Lister believe caused infections?
Bacteria
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What were the pros of using carbolic spray?
Reduced
fatalities
and
sterilized
equipment
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What were the cons of using carbolic spray?
It
irritated
lungs and wounds
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What was the difference between antiseptic and aseptic surgery?
Aseptic surgery is
germ-free
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How did surgery change in the late 19th century?
Patients were
anesthetized
and tools
sterilized
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What was the significance of the timeline of surgical advances?
It shows progress in
surgical safety
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What was the role of anesthetics in reducing blood loss during surgery?
They kept patients calm and reduced
bleeding
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How did the risk of shock change with surgical advancements?
It was drastically
reduced
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What year did Edward Jenner develop vaccinations?
1798
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What year was chloroform discovered?
1847
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What year did Lister publish his antiseptic methods?
1867
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What year did Robert Koch identify diseases based on bacteria?
1882
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What were the main dangers of 19th century surgery?
Pain
Infection
Blood loss
Shock
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What were the key advancements in 19th century surgery?
Introduction of
anesthetics
(
ether
,
chloroform
,
nitrous oxide
)
Development of
antiseptic
techniques by
Joseph Lister
Improved surgical tools and
sterilization
methods
Reduced risks of pain, infection,
blood loss
, and
shock
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Compare the early and late 19th century surgical practices.
Early: No
anesthesia
, unsterilized tools, high infection risk
Late: Anesthesia used, sterilized tools, reduced infection risk
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