Penicillin

• Who developed penicillin?

  Fleming, Flory, and Chain
• Why was the discovery of penicillin important?

  It was the first effective antibiotic medicine
• What was Alexander Fleming's profession during World War One?

  Military doctor
• What motivated Fleming to find a cure for infections?

  Frustration from soldiers dying from infections
• Where did Fleming conduct his research on antibiotics?

  Saint Mary's Hospital in London
• What did Fleming discover in 1928?

  A mold that killed bacteria
• What type of mold did Fleming discover?

  Penicillium mold
• What was the initial reaction to Fleming's discovery of penicillin?

  It was not taken seriously
• Why was penicillin difficult to produce initially?

  Not enough could be produced for practical use
• In what year did Fleming publish his findings on penicillin?

  1929
• What was a major limitation of Fleming's research on penicillin?

  He had no evidence from animal testing
• Who were Flory and Chain?

  Researchers who developed penicillin
• What did Flory and Chain realize about penicillin in 1938?

  It could be very effective against germs
• How much funding did Flory initially receive from the government?

  25 pounds
• Why did Flory seek funding from America?

  To support their research on penicillin
• What was the first successful test of penicillin on a human?

  Albert Alexander
• What condition did Albert Alexander have?

  Septicemia from a cut
• What happened to Albert Alexander during his treatment with penicillin?

  He improved but eventually died
• How did the Second World War impact penicillin production?

  Increased demand led to mass production
• How many doses of penicillin were produced by D-Day in 1944?

  2.3 million doses
• What was the effect of penicillin on soldiers during the war?

  It significantly reduced infection deaths
• What was the production quantity of penicillin in June 1943?

  425 million units
• What factors contributed to the development of penicillin?

  • Chance discovery by Fleming
  • Need during World War II
  • Government funding and support
  • Scientific research and trials
  • Industrial capacity for mass production
• How did governments respond to the need for penicillin during the war?

  They provided funding for its development
• What was the significance of the cooperation between Allied Nations?

  It facilitated mass production of penicillin
• What was the long-term impact of penicillin after World War II?

  It became widely used by the public
• How did penicillin change from a discovery to a common medicine?

  Through research, funding, and wartime necessity