Reducing & preventing spread of disease

• How can the spread of disease be reduced or prevented in humans?

  By maintaining hygiene and killing pathogens
• What are the methods to reduce the spread of disease in humans?

  1. Maintaining hygiene
  2. Killing pathogens
  3. Destroying vectors
  4. Inoculation
• What is one way to maintain hygiene?

  Washing hands before eating
• What are pathogens?

  Organisms that spread disease
• What are insecticides used for?

  Killing disease vectors
• What does destroying vectors accomplish?

  Stops them from spreading disease
• What is inoculation?

  Vaccinating against communicable diseases
• How can the spread of disease in plants be controlled?

  1. Distributing the movement of plants
  2. Chemical control
  3. Using fungicides
• What is one method to control the movement of plants?

  Preventing infected plants from contact
• What do fungicides do?

  Kill fungal pathogens
• Why is identifying a disease quickly important?

  It limits the disease's spread
• What are some ways to identify diseases?

  1. Detecting pathogen antigens
  2. Finding pathogens on cell surfaces
  3. Looking for pathogen DNA
  4. Observing signs of the disease
• What disease can be identified by discolored leaves?

  Tobacco mosaic disease
• How is malaria spread?

  By mosquitoes carrying protozoa
• What is one way to reduce the spread of malaria?

  Eliminating mosquito breeding sites
• What are the human body's defenses against disease?

  • Skin
  • Hair (cilia)
  • Stomach acid
  • Platelets
• What role does skin play in disease defense?

  It stops pathogens from entering
• What do cilia in the nose do?

  Trap dust particles
• How does stomach acid help defend against disease?

  It kills many pathogens
• What do platelets do in the immune response?

  Help in blood clotting
• What are the main functions of the immune system?

  1. Detecting pathogens
  2. Producing antibodies
  3. Engulfing pathogens
  4. Remembering past infections
• What do antibodies do?

  Neutralize pathogens
• What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?

  Remember past infections
• How do antibodies interact with antigens?

  They bind to neutralize them
• What happens when a pathogen enters the body?

  The immune system responds to it
• What is the significance of detecting a pathogen's antigens?

  It helps identify the pathogen
• What is the role of white blood cells in the immune response?

  Engulf and destroy pathogens
• What is the process of producing antibodies?

  Triggered by the presence of antigens
• What happens after antibodies are produced?

  They circulate around the body
• What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?

  They remember past infections
• What is the significance of the immune response?

  It protects the body from diseases
• How does the immune system recognize pathogens?

  By detecting their unique antigens
• What is the role of antibodies in the immune system?

  To neutralize and eliminate pathogens
• How does the body respond to a pathogen invasion?

  By activating the immune response
• What is the function of the immune system?

  To defend against diseases
• What happens when the immune system encounters a pathogen?

  It mounts a defense response
• What is the role of the skin in the immune system?

  Acts as a barrier to pathogens
• How does stomach acid contribute to the immune system?

  Kills many ingested pathogens
• What is the role of platelets in the immune response?

  Help in blood clotting
• What is the significance of the immune response?

  It protects the body from infections