The human immune system

• What is the primary function of the immune system?

  To defend against pathogens
• How does the immune system respond to pathogens?

  It attacks and eliminates them
• What is the role of platelets in the body?

  To aid in blood clotting
• Why are platelets important in the immune response?


  They help prevent blood loss during injury
• What are the main components of the human immune system?

  • White blood cells
  • Antibodies
  • Platelets
  • Lymphatic system
  • Bone marrow
• What are the global challenges related to the immune system?

  • Emerging infectious diseases
  • Antibiotic resistance
  • Vaccination coverage
  • Global health disparities
• What features does your body have to fight disease?

  Defense system and immune response
• How does the respiratory tract help in fighting pathogens?

  It releases mucus to trap pathogens
• What lines the respiratory tract to aid in defense?

  Cilia
• What happens to mucus in the respiratory tract?

  Cilia push it up to the throat
• What does the stomach produce to kill pathogens?

  Hydrochloric acid
• What is the role of lysozyme produced by the eyes?

  It kills bacteria on the eye surface
• What is blood clotting?

  Platelets clump together to stop bleeding
• How do platelets contribute to wound defense?

  They prevent microorganisms from entering
• What happens when pathogens enter the body?

  The immune system activates to destroy them
• What is the most important part of the immune system?

  White blood cells
• What is phagocytosis?

  Engulfing and digesting pathogens
• What do white blood cells do when they encounter an unknown antigen?

  They produce antibodies
• What are antigens?

  Unique molecules on pathogen surfaces
• How do antibodies function?

  They lock onto specific pathogens
• What happens to antibodies after they are produced?

  They are carried around the body
• What is the role of memory cells?

  They help produce antibodies quickly upon reinfection
• What does natural immunity mean?

  Protection from reinfection by the same pathogen
• What do antitoxins do?

  They stop toxins from causing harm
• What are the three ways white blood cells attack pathogens?

  1. Consuming them through phagocytosis
  2. Producing antibodies specific to antigens
  3. Producing antitoxins to neutralize toxins
• What is the function of antibodies in the immune response?

  To lock onto and identify pathogens
• What is the role of the immune system?

  To destroy invading pathogens
• How does the body respond to a pathogen it has encountered before?

  It produces antibodies quickly due to memory cells
• What is the significance of the statement "the body makes antibodies against the antigens on pathogens"?

  It highlights the specificity of the immune response
• What is the purpose of the immune system's response to pathogens?

  To protect the body from disease
• What happens to pathogens after antibodies lock onto them?

  They can be found and engulfed by white blood cells
• What is the role of the immune system in the body?

  To defend against pathogens
• What is the relationship between antigens and antibodies?

  Antibodies are specific to antigens
• How does the immune system remember past infections?

  Through memory cells that produce antibodies
• What is the effect of toxins produced by bacteria?

  They can cause harm to the body
• What is the function of the immune system's white blood cells?

  To attack and destroy pathogens
• What is the significance of antibodies being specific to antigens?

  It allows targeted destruction of pathogens
• What happens to the immune response after the first encounter with a pathogen?

  It becomes faster and more efficient upon reinfection
• What is the role of the immune system in preventing disease?

  To identify and eliminate pathogens