Comparing antimicrobials

• What is the purpose of comparing clear zones in antimicrobial testing?

  To assess the effectiveness of antibiotics
• How do you determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic using clear zones?

  The larger the clear zone, the more effective
• What is the first step in measuring a clear zone?

  Measure the diameter of the clear zone
• What does the diameter of a clear zone represent?

  The distance across the middle of the zone
• What is the formula to calculate the area of a clear zone?

  Area = $\pi r^2$
• What units are commonly used for measuring the area of clear zones?

  cm² or mm²
• What does $r$ represent in the area formula?


  The radius of the clear zone
• What is the approximate value of $\pi$ used in calculations?


  3.14
• How do you find the radius from the diameter of a clear zone?

  Divide the diameter by two
• How do you compare the effectiveness of two antibiotics using clear zones?

  Compare the areas of their clear zones
• If the diameter of antibiotic A's clear zone is 14 mm, what is its radius?

  7 mm
• If the radius of antibiotic B's clear zone is 10 mm, what is its area?

  $314 \text{ mm}^2$
• What are the steps to calculate the area of a clear zone?

  1. Measure the diameter of the clear zone.
  2. Divide the diameter by two to find the radius.
  3. Use the formula: Area = $\pi r^2$.
  4. Compare the areas of different clear zones.
• Why are new drugs tested before use?

  To ensure they don't have side effects
• What is often used in the initial testing of new drugs?

  Computer models
• What is the purpose of testing drugs on tissues?

  To assess their safety and effectiveness
• What is the significance of double-blind tests in drug testing?

  To eliminate bias in results
• What is the main goal of drug testing?

  To ensure safety and efficacy
• What are the steps involved in drug testing before market release?

  1. Initial testing using computer models.
  2. Development of the drug.
  3. Testing on tissues and cells.
  4. Conducting double-blind tests.
  5. Assessing safety and efficacy.