Water Purification

• Boiling is a water purification method that uses high temperature to kill microorganisms.
• Distillation is a water purification method that requires a lot of energy and is a slow process, but produces distilled water used in hospitals and labs.
• Filtration is a water purification method that gets rid of suspended particles.
• Chlorination is a water purification method that gets rid of microorganisms. It saves costs but may affect health.
• Impurities in water include:

  1. Microorganisms
  2. Suspended particles
  3. Dissolved particles
• Distillation: the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling
• Distillation kills microorganisms, gets rid of suspended and dissolved particles.
• Distilled water is not suitable to drink because there is no mineral salt in the water. Therefore, it will cause health problems due to lack of mineral.
• Tap water comes from a water supply system.
• Filtration removes large suspended particles.
• Oxidation increases oxygen content in the water to get rid of unpleasant smell and taste.
• Coagulation involves adding alum to make mud particles stick together and sink to the bottom of the tank, and slaked lime to reduce water acidity.
• Sedimentation allows suspended particles to deposit at the bottom of the tank. The remaining suspended particles are removed through a sand filter.
• Chlorination and fluoridation involve adding chlorine to kill microorganisms and sodium fluoride to prevent tooth decay.
• Rivers are the main water source in Malaysia, but water pollution makes the water unsuitable for consumption and negatively impacts the environment.
• Ways to overcome water pollution include upgrading sewage systems nationwide, educating people on proper rubbish management, and improving sanitation facilities in rural areas.
• Industrial waste can be controlled by enforcing laws to ensure treatment before discharge into the river.
• Chemicals in agriculture can be reduced by educating farmers to use biodegradable fertilizers and pesticides.
• Water supply system

  A) Filtration

  B) Oxidation

  C) Coagulation

  D) Sedimentation

  E) Floridation

  
• Alum is also known as potassium aluminium sulphate
• Water Treatment:

  1. Water is filtered to remove impurities and suspended particles
  2. Water is boiled and added with chlorine to kill bacteria
  3. Slaked lime is added to reduce water acidity