The Hormones

• why do conditions inside the body need to be maintained

  as cells need to be at the right conditions to function properly
• what is homeostasis

  controlling internal environment of body at stable levels
• what does the thyroid do

  • produced thyroxine
• what does thyroxine do

  • regulates metabolism
  • heart rate
  • temperature
• what does the pancreas do

  produces insulin
• what does insulin do

  controls blood glucose concentration
• what gland produces testosterone

  testes
• what does testosterone do

  • controls puberty
  • sperm production in males
• what else is the pituitary gland called

  master gland
• why is the pituitary gland called the master gland

  as the hormones it releases affect other glands
• what does the pituitary gland do

  produces many hormones to regulate body conditions
• what hormones do pituitary gland release

  • ADH
  • FSH
  • LH
• what gland releases adrenaline

  adrenal gland
• what does adrenaline do for the body

  prepares for 'fight or flight'
• what does the ovaries do

  produce oestrogen
• what does oestrogen do

  involved in menstrual cycle
• where is the pituitary gland

  brain
• where is the thyroid gland

  throat
• label where the adrenal gland and pancreas is 


  .

  
• what does ADH do

  controls kidney function
• what does FSH stand for

  follicle stimulating hormone
• what does LH stand for

  Luteinising hormone
• what do hormones travel in

  blood plasma
• where do hormones travel to

  the target organs
• what is the target organ

  where hormones have an effect on/to
• what is the target organ for insulin

  liver
• what is the target organ for thyroxine 


  heart
• what is the target organ for adrenaline

  liver + heart
• what is the target organ for ADH

  kidneys
• what is negative feedback

  when conditions change from an ideal point and then returned to this set point
• how does negative feedback work

  • if level of smth rises -> control systems switched to REDUCE it
  • if level of smth falls -> control systems switched to RAISE it
  • continuous cycle of bringing levels up + down to stay within narrow range of what's considered 'normal'
• describe hormones

  • slow acting
  • long acting (happens over a long time)
  • act in a general way
• descrive neurones

  • fast actions
  • short actions
  • acts in a specific area
• what happens when the blood thyroxine level is LOW

  • hypothalamus stimulated to release TRH
  • TRH stimulates pituitary gland to release TSH
  • TSH stimulates thyroid to release thyroxine -> so blood thyroxine returns to normal
• what happens when the blood thyroxine level is HIGH

  • release of TRH from hypothalamus inhibited
  • TSH production reduced
  • less thyroxine released into blood
• what happens when your brain detects a stressful situation

  • sends nerves impulses to adrenal glands
  • which responds by secreting adrenaline into blood
• how do adrenaline in the heart work by

  • binding to receptors in heart
  • causes heart muscle to CONTRACT more frequently + with more force
  • heart rate increases -> blood pressure increases
  • so increases rate of blood flow to muscles
  • muscle cells receive more oxygen + glucose
  • for increased respiration
• how do adrenaline in the liver work

  • binds to receptors in liver
  • causes liver to break down it's glycogen stores -> releases glucose
  • increases blood glucose levels -> more glucose in blood
  • to be transported to cells for increases respiration