The Kidney

• what is the urinary system responsible for

  removal of waste from the blood
• what are the 3 main functions of kidneys

  • removal of urea from the blood
  • adjustment of ion levels in the blood
  • osmoregulation
• what is urea

  waste product (broken down from amino acids)
• what does the bladder do

  stores urine
• what does the urethra do

  where urine exits
• label the urinary system 


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• how do kidneys do their job

  • filtering out substances from blood using high pressures
  • then reabsorbing useful substances
  • end product = urine
• what are nephrons

  functional units of the kidney
• what does the liquid part of the blood contain in the nephrons

  water, urea, ions, glucose
• name the parts of the urinary system in order

  • Glomerulus
  • Bowman's capsule
  • Capillary network (thin strand)
  • Proximal convoluted tubule (thick strand)
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • (Collecting duct) -> urine
• describe the urinary system

  • liquid part of blood forced out of GLOMERULUS -> BOWMAN'S CAPSULE at high pressure
  • bigger molecules + blood cells cant pass thro membranes -> not forced out
  • as liquid flows along nephron -> useful substances reabsorbed
  • all glucose reabsorbed + moved back into blood via active transport
  • sufficient water reabsorbed depending on ADH levels
  • excess amino acids broken down into urea
  • anything NOT reabsorbed continues out of NEPHRON via the COLLECTING DUCT into URETER + down BLADDER into URINE
  • urine released through URETHRA
• describe the urinary system

  • liquid part of blood forced out of GLOMERULUS -> BOWMAN'S CAPSULE at high pressure
  • bigger molecules + blood cells cant pass thro membranes -> not forced out
  • as liquid flows along nephron -> useful substances reabsorbed
  • all glucose reabsorbed + moved back into blood via active transport
  • sufficient water reabsorbed depending on ADH levels
  • excess amino acids broken down into urea
  • anything NOT reabsorbed continues out of NEPHRON via the COLLECTING DUCT into URETER + down BLADDER into URINE
  • urine released through URETHRA
• which substances are reabsorbed

  useful ones like glucose + water + ions
• what does ADH stand for

  anti-diuretic hormone
• what does ADH do

  controls amount of water reabsorbed by kidney in the nephrons
• what organ monitors the water content of the blood

  the brain
• what happens if there is too little of water content in the blood 


  • brain instructs pituitary glands to release ADH into blood
  • ADH makes the collecting ducts of nephrons more PERMEABLE
  • So more water is reabsorbed back into blood
  • Reverse happens if too much water detected
• what does the kidney/urinary system look like 


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