D impact of PA and sport on health of individual

• when does CHD happen?

  coronary arteries become blocked or start to narrow by gradual build up of fatty deposits
• the coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• what is atherosclerosis?

  coronary arteries become blocked or start to narrow by gradual build up of atheroma
• 4 things that cause atherosclerosis?

  • high BP
  • high levels of cholesterol
  • lack of exercise
  • smoking
• the pain and discomfort that comes with atherosclerosis is called angina
• what could happen if a piece of atheroma breaks off?

  cause a blood clot which could result in a blockage
• blockage in the coronary arteries cuts of oxygenated blood supply to the heart muscle and causes a heart attack
• how does regular exercise benefit the heart?

  • causes cardiac hypertrophy
  • maintains flexibility of blood vessels
• what are the positives of flexible blood vessels?

  they ensure good blood flow, low cholesterol levels and normal blood pressure
• blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel wall
• what can high BP cause?

  • heart attack
  • heart failure
  • kidney disease
  • stroke or dementia
• regular aerobic exercise reduces systolic and diastolic pressure by up to 5-10mmHG. this reduces risk of heart attack by up to 20%
• what is LDL cholesterol?

  low density lipoproteins

  • transport cholesterol in blood to tissues
  • increase risk of heart disease
• what is HDL cholesterol?

  high density lipoproteins

  • transport excess cholesterol in blood back to liver where its broken down
  • lower risk of developing CHD
• regular activity lowers LDL and increases HDL
• brain needs constant supply of blood and nutrients
• how does a stroke occur?

  blood supply to part of brain is cut off causing damage to brain cells
• what can a stroke lead to?

  • brain injury
  • disability
  • death
• what are the 2 types of strokes?

  1. ischaemic
  2. haemorrhagic
• ischaemic stroke occur when blood clots stop blood supply
• haemorrhagic stroke occur when weakened blood vessel supplying brain bursts
• regular exercise reduces risk of stroke by 27%, it does this by reducing blood pressure