Solutions and Separating techniques

• A physical property is a property that can be observed without changing the substance.
• Examples of physical properties: Melting point, boiling point, appearance, thermal conductivity and solubility.
• In Chemistry, what graph is best suited both axes as continuous variables?

  A scatter graph with a trendline
• What is a fair test?

  An experiment where all possible independent variables are controlled other than one.
• Why is it important that tests are fair?

  So that you know which variable was having an effect.
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  Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
• What can affect the rate of diffusion of particles?

  The temperature and mass of the particles
• What is a solution?

  A mixture of a solute in a solvent
• What is a solute?

  A substance that dissolves in a solvent
• What is a solvent?

  A liquid into which you can dissolve a solute
• What is the name of the process of turning a liquid into a gas?

  Boiling
• What is the name of the process of turning a solid into a liquid?

  Melting
• What is the name of the process of turning a gas into a liquid?

  Condensing
• What is the name of the process of turning a liquid into a solid?

  Freezing
• What does soluble describe?

  A solute that can dissolve in a given solvent
• What is dissolving?

  When particles of a solute become separated and surrounded by a solvent.
• What does insoluble describe?

  A solute that cannot dissolve in a given solvent
• What is an independent variable

  The variable that we change in an investigation
• What is the dependent variable?

  The variable that we measure the change of in an investigation
• What is a saturated solution?

  A solution into which no more solute can be dissolved
• Why do crystals form when a solution cools?

  Because solutes become less soluble as temperature drops. The solution eventually becomes saturated
• What 2 pieces of equipment are needed to carry out the process of crystallisation?

  Evaporating basin, Bunsen burner
• What types of mixtures does filtration separate?

  insoluble solid from liquids or solutions
• What property does filtration rely on?

  solubility
• What types of mixtures does evaporation separate?

  soluble solids from solvents
• How do you calculate the gradient of a straight trendline?

  The change in the y axis ➗ change in the x axis
• What is viscosity?

  How resistant a fluid is to flow (how thick it is)
• what property does evaporation rely on?

  melting/boiling point
• What equipment is used for filtration?

  a filter funnel and filter paper
• What should a diagram of scientific equipment show?

  A 2D cross-section of the apparatus with clear pathways