Psychodynamic

• What are the three components of Freud's tripartite personality?

  Id, ego, and superego
• What principle does the Id operate on?

  The pleasure principle
• What does the Id demand?

  Instant gratification
• What innate biological instincts does the Id fulfill?

  Hunger and thirst
• What is the major development during the oral stage?

  Weaning off of breastfeeding or formula
• What are the psychosexual stages of development according to Freud?

  1. Oral (0 to 1 years) - Mouth, Tongue, Lips
  2. Anal (1 to 3 years) - Anus
  3. Phallic (3 to 6 years) - Genitals
  4. Latency (6 to 12 years) - None
  5. Genital (12+ years) - Genitals
• What is the major development during the anal stage?

  Toilet training
• What is the major development during the phallic stage?

  Resolving Oedipus/Electra complex
• What is the major development during the latency stage?

  Developing defense mechanisms
• What is the major development during the genital stage?

  Reaching full sexual maturity
• What happens if all psychosexual stages are successfully completed?

  The person should be sexually matured and mentally healthy
• What does the ego operate on?

  The reality principle
• When is the ego formed?

  During the first 3 years of life
• What does the ego help to resolve?

  The conflict between the id and the superego
• What are some defense mechanisms used by the ego?

  Repression, denial, and displacement
• When is the superego formed?

  At the end of the phallic stage
• What principle does the superego operate on?

  The morality principle
• What does the superego contain?

  The child's internalized sense of right and wrong
• With whom does the superego's morality develop?

  Based upon their same-sex parent
• What is psychic determinism?

  All behavior is caused by unconscious conflicts
• What are the three levels of consciousness?

  Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
• What reveals the contents of the preconscious?

  Parapraxes, slips of the tongue, and dreaming
• How can inferences about the unconscious be made?

  Through psychoanalysis and psychotherapy
• What does the unconscious store?

  Biological drives and repressed thoughts
• What is the focus of the psychodynamic approach in psychology?

  Links between mental disorders and the unconscious
• How does the psychodynamic approach relate to the scientific status of psychology?

  It struggles with falsifiability and measurement
• What does Karl Popper argue about the psychodynamic approach?

  It is unfalsifiable and a pseudoscience
• What is a limitation of the idiographic approach in Freud's theories?

  Findings lack ecological validity
• Why might researcher bias affect Freud's case studies?

  Researchers may have preconceived expectations
• What is psychic determinism according to Freud?

  All behavior is influenced by unconscious conflicts
• How does psychic determinism contrast with behaviorism?

  Behaviorism uses hard determinism, unlike Freud
• What practical applications arise from the psychodynamic approach?

  Psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for mental disorders
• What did Kohlenberg et al (2002) find about Functional Analytic Cognitive Therapy?

  It improves client-therapist relationships and outcomes
• How has Freud's psychodynamic approach contributed to treating depression?

  It provides methods like psychotherapy and psychoanalysis
• What are the limitations of Freud's case studies?

  • Lack of ecological validity
  • Subjective conclusions from qualitative data
  • Limited generalizability to the population
• How does the psychodynamic approach differ from other determinism types?

  • Hard determinism: Behaviorism
  • Reciprocal determinism: Social learning theory
  • Soft determinism: Cognitive approach
  • Biological determinism: Biological approach
• What is the first stage of Freud's psychosexual development?

  Oral Stage

  
• During which period does the Oral Stage occur?

  From birth to approximately 18 months
• What is the focus of a baby's libido during the Oral Stage?

  On the mouth
• What activities provide satisfaction to a baby during the Oral Stage?

  Sucking, biting, and chewing