LESSON 1

• Historia

  History was derived from, which means knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation.
• History became a relevant academic discipline and focused on writing about wars, revolutions, and other significant breakthroughs.
• How long has history existed as a discipline?

  2400 years and is as old as mathematics and philosophy
• Historia

  became known as the account of the past of a person or of a group of people through written documents.
• Historian's duty

  Write about the lives of significant individuals like monarchs, heroes, saints, and nobilities
• Mantra of traditional historian

  No document, no history
• Unless a written document can prove a particular event,

  then it can't be considered as a historical fact.
• History progressed,

  it opened up to valid historical sources, which where not limited to written documents like: government records, chroniclers' accounts, or personal letters.
• Importance of studying history

  • widens your knowledge about current affair.

  • develops understanding of change through perspectives of political, social, cultural, economic, religious and scientific history.
• How does history help in understanding change?

  Through perspectives of various historical aspects
• What does studying history develop in terms of identity?

  Greater awareness of one's own identity
• What is Positivism in historical thought?

  Requires empirical and observable evidence
• What is a key characteristic of Positivism?

  It expects objectivity and impartiality
• When did Post-Colonialism emerge as a historical thought?

  Early 20th century
• What are two focuses of Post-Colonialism in writing history?

  Expose national history and criticize colonialism
• What is the Annales School of History known for?

  Challenging traditional canons of history
• What does the Annales School advocate for in historical records?

  Inclusion of non-grand individuals' histories
• What are primary sources?

  Produced at the same time as the event
• What are secondary sources?

  Produced using primary sources