Rebellion and religon

• What region is discussed in the context of border issues with Scotland?

  North of England
• What was a common issue in the north of England related to border conflicts?

  Rustling sheep across the border
• Which families were known as wardens in the north of England?

  Dacre and Percy families
• Who appointed southerners to manage the north of England?

  Henry VIII and Elizabeth
• How was the border situation in Wales described?

  Not really a problem
• What were the economic conditions in Wales?

  Poor
• What were the linguistic and cultural characteristics of Wales?

  Differences from England
• What was the governing body in Wales called?

  Council of Wales and Marches
• How were the Welsh involved in government?

  Not in government, but in religion
• Who prospered in Wales despite the poor conditions?

  The gentry
• What rebellion were many Welsh gentry involved in?

  Essex rebellion
• What were some causes of social discontent in the 1590s?

  Harvest failure, inflation, plague
• What event indicated social stability despite discontent?

  Food riots in various regions
• In which regions did food riots occur in the mid-1590s?

  London, Kent, Hampshire, Norfolk
• What was the Oxfordshire rising of 1506?

  A march on London by desperate men
• How many men were involved in the Oxfordshire rising?

  Four desperate men
• What was the goal of the Oxfordshire rising?

  To seize armament and march on London
• What was the illusion behind the Oxfordshire rising?

  Fear of social dislocation
• What was the policy of Englishness in Ireland focused on?

  Religion and secular governance
• Who was the supreme governor of Ireland in 1560?

  Elizabeth I
• What was the religious composition of the Irish population?

  Largely Catholic
• What rebellion occurred in Ireland from 1569 to 1573?

  Irish rebellion
• What was the Spanish involvement in Ireland during 1579-82?

  Exploitation of the rebellion
• Who led the third Irish rebellion?

  Hugh O'Neill
• What title did Hugh O'Neill hold?

  Earl of Tyrone
• What was Hugh O'Neill's goal during the rebellion?

  To be lord president of Ulster
• What was the outcome of the Spanish Armada in 1596?

  Unsuccessful support for Tyrone
• What significant battle occurred on August 14, 1598?

  The Battle of Yellow Ford
• What was the result of the Battle of Yellow Ford?

  2000 English killed
• Who was in control of Ireland beyond the Pale after the battle?

  Tyrone and his allies
• Who did Elizabeth send to Ireland as lord lieutenant in 1599?

  Earl of Essex
• What happened after the truce expired in Tyrone's campaign?

  Tyrone moved south near Kinsale
• What was Tyrone hoping to achieve by camping near Kinsale?

  To link with the Spanish
• Who became the new lord lieutenant later in the reign?

  Lord Mountjoy
• How many Spanish troops did Tyrone have in September 1601?

  3000 Spanish troops
• What significant event occurred on Christmas Eve 1601?

  English triumph
• What year did peace come to Ireland?

  1603
• Who had a tempestuous relationship with Elizabeth?

  Earl of Essex
• What action did Elizabeth take against the Earl of Essex?

  She hit him
• What did the Earl of Essex attempt to do when he was angry?

  He tried to draw his sword