Cold War

• What were the main countries in the Grand Alliance during World War Two?

  Britain, the USA, and the USSR
• What united the Grand Alliance during World War Two?

  Desire to defeat Nazi Germany
• What was discussed at the Tehran Conference?

  Plans to defeat the Nazis and post-war Europe
• How did Britain and the USA's political views differ from the USSR's?

  They were politically very different
• What did Churchill and Roosevelt agree regarding Eastern Europe after the war?

  USSR could claim a sphere of influence
• What were the key decisions made at the Yalta Conference in February 1945?

  • Free elections in Eastern Europe
  • United Nations to replace League of Nations
• How did the USA and Britain interpret 'free elections' differently from Stalin?

  They saw it as competitive voting, Stalin did not
• What significant event occurred in May 1945 regarding Germany?

  Germany surrendered
• What agreements were made at the Potsdam Conference?

  • New boundaries of Poland agreed
  • Division of Germany and Berlin among Allies
  • Nazi leaders to be tried for war crimes
• What remained undecided at the Potsdam Conference regarding Germany?

  When the zones could rejoin as a country
• How did Truman's leadership differ from Roosevelt's regarding the USSR?

  Truman was more suspicious and uncompromising
• Why were Britain and the USA alarmed by Stalin's actions in Poland?

  He installed a pro-communist government
• What were the ideological differences between the USA and the USSR?

  USA was capitalist, USSR was communist
• What does communism advocate regarding industry and agriculture?

  State control of industry and agriculture
• What was the 'American Dream'?

  Anyone could work their way to the top
• What was the USSR's political structure?

  Only allowed one political party
• How did the USA view communism?

  As a danger to their interests
• What did the USSR fear about the USA?

  Worldwide American influence
• What two countries emerged as superpowers after World War II?

  USA and USSR
• How did the USA keep the atom bomb a secret from the USSR?

  Details were not shared at Potsdam
• What cities were destroyed by the USA's atom bombs in August 1945?

  Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• Why did Truman refuse to allow the USSR to occupy Japan?

  Military help from the USSR wasn't needed
• How did the atom bombs affect the USA's status?

  Boosted status as the only nuclear power
• How did Stalin react to the USA's development of the atom bomb?

  He saw it as an attempt to intimidate
• What was the impact of the atom bombs on USA-USSR relations?

  Increased rivalry and arms race
• What did the Red Army occupy after World War II?

  Eastern Europe
• What type of governments did Stalin install in Eastern Europe?

  Pro-Soviet puppet governments
• What were the exceptions to Soviet domination in Eastern Europe?

  • Yugoslavia remained independent
  • Tito argued with Stalin over interference
• What term describes the division between East and West during the Cold War?

  Iron Curtain
• What did Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech signify?

  Isolation of the Grand Alliance from the USSR
• What were the key points of the Long Telegram issued in February 1946?

  • Stalin's speech against capitalism
  • USSR's intent to weaken Western powers
• What were the key points of the Novikov Telegram issued in September 1946?

  • USA pursuing world supremacy
  • USA limiting USSR's influence in Europe
• How did the secret telegrams affect the Cold War?

  They confirmed fears and escalated tensions
• What was the Truman Doctrine announced in March 1947?

  Support for nations threatened by communism
• How much aid did the USA provide to Turkey and Greece under the Truman Doctrine?

  $400 million
• What was the Marshall Plan announced in June 1947?

  • $17 billion aid to rebuild European economies
  • Benefited areas of Germany under Western occupation
• How did Stalin react to the Marshall Plan?

  Ordered satellite states to reject it
• What was the Cominform established in 1947?

  Communist Information Bureau for European parties
• What was the purpose of the Comecon established in 1949?

  Counter the Marshall Plan with economic aid
• What were the consequences of the Berlin Crisis in 1948?

  • Increased division of Germany
  • Formation of NATO and Warsaw Pact