changing conditions at equilibrium

• changing concentration

  • if the concentration of a reactant is increased, more products will be formed
  • if the concentration of a product is decreased, more products will be formed
• changing temperature

  • if the temperature of a system is increased at equilibrium
  • the amount of products at equilibrium increases for an endothermic reaction
  • the amount of products at equilibrium decreases for an exothermic reaction
  • if the temperature of a system is decreased at equilibrium
  • the amount of products at equilibrium decreases for an endothermic reaction
  • the amount of products at equilibrium increases for an exothermic reaction
• changing pressure

  • for reaction of gases
  • an increase in pressure causes the reaction to favour the side with the smaller number of molecules (as shown by the symbol equation for that reaction)
  • a decrease in pressure causes the reaction to favour the side with the larger number of molecules (as shown by the symbol equation for that reaction)