condensation polymers
Cards (16)
- Condensation polymers form when a water molecule is removed from the species of a reaction. Polyesters and polyamides can be formed in this way.
- When making a polyester, monomers are joined together by ester linkages in a long chain to form the polymer.
- Polyesters made from one monomer containing two different functional groups:
- a hydroxyl group (-OH)
- a carboxyl group (-COOH)
- Polyesters made from 2 monomers each containing two functional groups
- one monomer is a diol, with two hydroxyl groups
- one monomer is a dicarboxylic acid, with two hydroxyl groups
- During a condensation reaction between two monomers a hydroxyl group on the diol reacts with a carboxyl group on the dicarboxylic acid forming an ester linkage and water.
- A polyester can also be made using an diacyl chloride instead of a dicarboxylic acid. With an diacyl chloride, hydrogen chloride is lost, instead of water.
- Polyamides are condensation polymers formed when monomers are joined together by amide linkages in a long chain to form the polymer.
- Polyamides can be made from one monomer containing both a carboxylic acid (or acyl chloride) and an amine group - or from two monomers, one containing two carboxylic acid groups (or acyl chlorides) and the other containing two amine groups.
- A polypeptide or protein contains many different amino acids all linked together by amide bonds.
- When an amide bond is formed water is lost.
- Amino acids undergo condensation polymerisation to form polypeptides or proteins
- -CONH- is the amide linkage
- -COO- is an ester linkage
- Polyesters and polyamides can be hydrolysed using hot aqueous alkali such as sodium hydroxide or by hot aqueous acid such as hydrochloric acid.
- addition polymerisation
- Monomer contains a C—C double bond
- Backbone of polymer is a continuous chain of carbon atoms
- condensation polymerisation
- Two monomers, each with two functional groups
- One monomer with two different functional groups
- Polymer contains ester or amide linkages