Citizenship theme c

• What is the constitutional role of courts and judges?

  Upholding the law and protecting rights
• What does an independent judiciary ensure?

  No one is above the law
• How does the judiciary protect people from injustices?

  By applying the law free from government control
• What is a fundamental human right in legal proceedings?

  Right to a fair trial
• What does the presumption of innocence mean?

  Everyone is innocent until proven guilty
• Why do we need laws in the UK?

  To protect citizens against new risks
• What are the reasons for updating laws in the UK?

  • Update outdated laws
  • Protect against health and safety risks
  • Address new societal needs
  • Provide legal framework for activities
  • Protect the environment
  • Keep up with technology
  • Combat national security threats
  • Ensure compatibility with EU laws
  • Turn traditions into Acts of Parliament
• What are the three main sources of UK law?

  Common law, statute law, European law
• What is common law based on?

  Precedence set by judges' decisions
• What is statute law?

  Law made by passing Acts of Parliament
• Why is statute law important?

  It forms the majority of new laws
• What does European law require from UK laws?

  They must be compatible with EU laws
• How will leaving the EU impact UK law?

  It will affect sources of law and precedence
• Where can legal advice be obtained in the UK?

  Citizens advice bureau and trade unions
• Who can receive free legal advice through legal aid?

  Individuals on a low income
• What is the role of trade unions in legal advice?

  Provide legal advice to members
• What does the word democracy mean in Greek?

  Government by the people
• Why does democracy have many interpretations?

  It is constantly evolving and changing
• What are key components of a democratic society?

  Freedom of expression and rule of law
• How many different types of bus are there in the UK?

  Over 130 different types
• What is the purpose of a tribunal?

  To solve disputes relatively quickly
• What are civic duties?

  Duties expected from citizens in democracy
• What is the Human Rights Act 1998?

  It incorporates European Human Rights into UK law
• What is Article 2 of the Human Rights Act?

  Right to life
• What does Article 3 of the Human Rights Act prohibit?

  Degrading treatment
• What is the minimum age to buy tobacco in the UK?

  18 years old
• What age can a person vote in Scotland?

  16 years old
• What are the age-related rights and responsibilities in England and Wales?

  • 10: Part-time job, order soft drinks
  • 15: Work up to 8 hours, view 15 rated films
  • 16: Consent to treatment, get married with consent
  • 17: Drive most vehicles, apply for pilot's license
  • 18: Vote, serve on a jury, buy alcohol
  • 21: Adopt a child, supervise learner drivers
• What is the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales?

  10 years old
• What happens to children under 10 who break the law?

  They cannot be arrested or charged
• What was significant about the James Bulger case?

  It argued to keep age of responsibility at 10
• Why do some argue to increase the age of criminal responsibility?

  Young people may not understand legal implications
• What does the youth justice system in England do?

  • Prosecutes young offenders
  • Convicts and punishes underage individuals
  • Aims to prevent youth crime
• What is the age of criminal responsibility in various countries?

  Varies from 7 to 18 years old
• What is the significance of the age of criminal responsibility?

  It determines legal accountability for crimes
• What is the lowest age of criminal responsibility in the EU?

  10 years old in the UK
• What is the role of lawyers in cases involving young offenders?

  To prove lack of sufficient responsibility
• How does the age of criminal responsibility affect young people's understanding of right and wrong?

  It suggests they may not fully understand