Control of blood glucose concentration

• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose control?

  It triggers cells to take up glucose
• What is glucose needed for in cells?

  To release energy by respiration
• How does the pancreas respond after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

  It produces insulin to lower glucose levels
• What storage molecule is glucose converted into?


  Glycogen
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after insulin is released?

  It returns to normal levels
• What is type 1 diabetes characterized by?

  Insufficient insulin production
• How do people with type 1 diabetes manage their condition?

  They monitor glucose and inject insulin
• How does blood glucose concentration differ in type 1 diabetes compared to a non-diabetic person?

  It remains high due to low insulin
• How is type 2 diabetes often treated?

  With a controlled carbohydrate diet
• What lifestyle change is advised for people with type 2 diabetes?

  Regular exercise
• What major risk factor is associated with type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What happens when blood glucose concentration falls?

  The pancreas releases glucagon
• What does glucagon trigger in the liver?

  Conversion of glycogen back to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon work together?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What is the effect of insulin when blood glucose rises?

  It lowers blood glucose concentration
• What is the effect of glucagon when blood glucose falls?

  It raises blood glucose concentration
• What are the key differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1: Insufficient insulin production
  • Type 2: Insulin resistance in body cells
  • Type 1 requires insulin injections
  • Type 2 managed with diet and exercise
• What is the role of insulin and glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

  • Insulin lowers blood glucose levels
  • Glucagon raises blood glucose levels
  • They work in a negative feedback cycle