Lecture 2

    Cards (28)

    • What is the strength range of covalent bonds?
      200-800 kJ/mol
    • How are covalent bonds formed?
      By sharing electrons in the valence shell
    • What is the strength of noncovalent bonds?
      Weaker than 30 kJ/mol
    • What is the basis of noncovalent bonds?
      Unequal sharing of electrons between nuclei
    • What types of interactions do noncovalent bonds facilitate?
      Interactions between biomolecules and their domains
    • What is electronegativity?
      The tendency of an atom to attract electrons
    • What is the electronegativity value of Fluorine?
      4.0
    • What type of bond is formed when electronegativity is equal?
      Non-polar covalent bond
    • What characterizes a polar covalent bond?
      Moderate difference in electronegativity
    • What is a carbonyl group?
      A functional group with C=O
    • What is a dipole in chemistry?
      A separation of charge within a molecule
    • What are hydrogen bonds?
      A type of dipole-dipole interaction
    • What is the strength of hydrogen bonds in kJ/mol?
      Around 30 kJ/mol
    • What is required for a hydrogen bond to be strong?
      All three atoms must be aligned
    • What are charge-charge interactions?
      Electrostatic interactions between opposite charges
    • How do charge-charge interactions compare to hydrogen bonds?
      Stronger than hydrogen bonds
    • What are Van der Waals forces?
      Weak attractions between non-polar groups
    • What is the significance of hydrophobic interactions?
      Association of non-polar groups in water
    • What is the range of strength for noncovalent bonds?
      2-30 kJ/mol
    • What are the types of noncovalent interactions?
      • Dipole-Dipole interactions
      • Hydrogen bonds
      • Charge-Charge interactions (ion pairs)
      • Van der Waals forces
      • Hydrophobic interactions
    • What are the characteristics of hydrogen bonds in biomolecules?
      • Involves hydrogen donors and acceptors
      • Common in biological systems
      • Stronger than other non-covalent interactions
      • Require alignment of atoms for strength
    • What are the strengths and weaknesses of noncovalent interactions?
      Strengths:
      • Crucial for macromolecular structure
      • Allow for dynamic interactions

      Weaknesses:
      • Weaker than covalent bonds
      • Can be disrupted easily
    • What is the Van der Waals radius range?
      0.12-0.19 nm
    • What is the role of water in hydrogen bonding?
      Acts as both donor and acceptor
    • How do hydrophobic interactions contribute to biomolecular stability?
      By excluding water and increasing entropy
    • What is the typical strength of a C-H bond?
      430 kJ/mol
    • What is the significance of the screening effect in charge-charge interactions?
      It stabilizes ion pairs in solution
    • How do ion pairs behave in the hydrophobic interior of proteins?
      They are more stable when buried
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