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Biochemistry
Lecture 2
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Cards (28)
What is the strength range of covalent bonds?
200-800
kJ/mol
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How are covalent bonds formed?
By sharing electrons in the
valence shell
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What is the strength of noncovalent bonds?
Weaker than
30 kJ/mol
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What is the basis of noncovalent bonds?
Unequal sharing
of
electrons
between nuclei
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What types of interactions do noncovalent bonds facilitate?
Interactions between
biomolecules
and their domains
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What is electronegativity?
The tendency of an
atom
to attract electrons
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What is the electronegativity value of Fluorine?
4.0
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What type of bond is formed when electronegativity is equal?
Non-polar covalent bond
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What characterizes a polar covalent bond?
Moderate difference in
electronegativity
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What is a carbonyl group?
A functional group with
C=O
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What is a dipole in chemistry?
A separation of
charge
within a molecule
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What are hydrogen bonds?
A type of
dipole-dipole
interaction
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What is the strength of hydrogen bonds in kJ/mol?
Around
30 kJ/mol
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What is required for a hydrogen bond to be strong?
All three atoms must be
aligned
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What are charge-charge interactions?
Electrostatic
interactions between
opposite
charges
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How do charge-charge interactions compare to hydrogen bonds?
Stronger
than hydrogen bonds
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What are Van der Waals forces?
Weak attractions between
non-polar
groups
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What is the significance of hydrophobic interactions?
Association of
non-polar
groups in water
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What is the range of strength for noncovalent bonds?
2-30
kJ/mol
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What are the types of noncovalent interactions?
Dipole-Dipole interactions
Hydrogen bonds
Charge-Charge interactions (ion pairs)
Van der Waals forces
Hydrophobic interactions
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What are the characteristics of hydrogen bonds in biomolecules?
Involves
hydrogen donors
and acceptors
Common in biological systems
Stronger than other
non-covalent interactions
Require alignment of atoms for strength
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of noncovalent interactions?
Strengths:
Crucial for
macromolecular structure
Allow for dynamic interactions
Weaknesses:
Weaker than
covalent bonds
Can be disrupted easily
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What is the Van der Waals radius range?
0.12-0.19
nm
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What is the role of water in hydrogen bonding?
Acts as both
donor
and
acceptor
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How do hydrophobic interactions contribute to biomolecular stability?
By excluding water and increasing
entropy
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What is the typical strength of a C-H bond?
430 kJ/mol
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What is the significance of the screening effect in charge-charge interactions?
It stabilizes
ion pairs
in solution
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How do ion pairs behave in the hydrophobic interior of proteins?
They are more
stable
when buried
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