L4 | ANAPHY

• ANATOMY

  • Study of the structure of an organism
• PHYSIOLOGY

  • Study of the function/s of the structures of the organism
• ANATOMICAL TERMINATION

  • Based on ancient Greek or Latin
  • Provides standard nomenclature worldwide
• BRANCHES OF ANATOMY

  • Gross anatomy (physical checkup)
  • Microscope anatomy (laboratories)
  • Surface anatomy (dermatologists)
• SYSTEMIC

  • Study of anatomy by system
• REGIONAL

  • Study of anatomy by region
• ANATOMICAL POSITION

  • Standing erect with palms and feet facing forward
  • Standard reference point in which all positions, movement, and planes are described
• ANATOMICAL PLANES

  • Fixed lines of reference along which the body is divided to facilitate viewing of its structures
  • Obtain a 3D perspective by studying the body from different views
• ANATOMICAL PLANES

  1. MIDSAGITTAL PLANE
  2. SAGITTAL PLANE
  3. PARASAGITTAL PLANE
  4. FRONTAL / CORONAL PLANE
  5. TRANSVERSE / HORIZONTAL PLANE
  6. OBLIQUE PLANE
• MIDSAGITTAL PLANE

  • Dividing the body into equal right and left halve
• SAGITTAL PLANE

  • Dividing the body into right and left portions
• PARASAGITTAL PLANE

  • Dividing the body near the midline
• FRONTAL / CORONAL PLANE

  • Dividing the body into front and back portions
• TRANSVERSE OR HORIZONTAL PLANE

  • Dividing the body into upper and lower portions
• OBLIQUE PLANE

  • Dividing the body into a diagonal or slant portion
• DIRECTIONAL TERMS

  • Provide a standardized way to describe the location of body parts in relation to one another.
• DIRECTIONAL TERMS

  1. SUPERIOR
  2. INFERIOR
  3. ANTERIOR
  4. POSTERIOR
  5. MEDIAL
  6. LATERAL
  7. PROXIMAL
  8. DISTAL
  9. DEEP
  10. SUPERFICIAL
• SUPERIOR

  • Structure being closer to the head or higher than another structure in the body
  • Situated above another part
• INFERIOR

  • Structure being closer to the feet or lower than another structure
  • Situated below another part
• ANTERIOR

  • Structure being more in front than another structure in the body
• POSTERIOR

  • Structure being more in back than another structure in the body
• MEDIAL

  • Situated closer to the midline of the body
• LATERAL

  • Situated farther away from the midline of the body.
• PROXIMAL

  • Situated closer to the point of attachment or origin of a structure
• DISTAL

  • Situated further away to the point of attachment or origin of a structure
• DEEP

  • Located further away from the surface of the body
• SUPERFICIAL

  • Located closer from the surface of the body
• BODY CAVITIES

  • Spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs
  • Provide support for organs, allowing them to move and function properly
• BODY CAVITIES

  1. DORSAL CAVITY
  2. VENTRAL CAVITY
• DORSAL CAVITY

  1. CRANIAL
  2. SPINAL
• DORSAL CAVITY

  • Encases central nervous system
• VENTRAL CAVITY

  1. THORACIC CAVITY
  2. ABDOMINAL CAVITY
  3. PELVIC CAVITY
  4. ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
• VENTRAL CAVITY

  • Houses majority of the body’s internal organs
  • Shoulder to hip region
• THORACIC CAVITY

  • Chest cavity
  • Hearts, lungs, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, and major blood vessels.
  • Superior to the abdominal cavity, separated by the diaphragm.
  • PROTECTION: Rib cage and sternum
• ABDOMINAL CAVITY

  • Digestive system
  • Stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas.
  • Crucial role in metabolism
  • Kidneys: essential for waste removal and fluid balance.
• PELVIC CAVITY

  • Inferior to the abdominal cavity, enclosed by the pelvic bones.
  • provide structural support and protection for the pelvic cavity organs.
  • Bladder, rectum, reproductive organs 
  • Female: uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes
  • Male: prostate and seminal vesicles 
• ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY

  • Combination of abdominal and pelvic cavity
• CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BODY CAVITIES

  1. Diagnosis
  2. Surgery
  3. Imaging
• ANATOMICAL PLANES

  A) FRONTAL / CORONAL PLANE

  B) OBLIQUE PLANE

  C) TRANSVERSE / HORIZONTAL PLANE

  D) SAGITTAL PLANE

  E) PARASAGITTAL PLANE

  
• DIRECTIONAL TERMS

  A) SUPERIOR

  B) POSTERIOR

  C) ANTERIOR

  D) MEDIAL

  E) LATERAL

  F) INFERIOR