Vaccination Strategies

• What is one reason we vaccinate?

  To prevent clinical disease
• What is another reason for vaccination?

  To prevent production losses
• What does vaccination prevent in terms of transmission?

  To prevent vertical transmission
• Why might customers request vaccinations?

  Due to customer request/export purposes
• What does vaccination stimulate in the immune system?

  Antibody production
• Which antibodies are produced during vaccination?

  IgA, IgG, IgM
• What is the aim of vaccination?

  To protect birds from clinical disease
• What are the production parameters optimized by vaccination?

  • Egg numbers per hen
  • Egg shell quality
  • Chick quality
  • Growth rate
  • Efficiency (FCR or DLWG)
  • Minimize mortality and condemnations
• What is essential knowledge for devising a vaccination strategy?

  Basic knowledge of diseases
• What is another essential knowledge area for vaccination strategy?

  Local disease types and incidence
• What production performance parameter is important for vaccination strategy?

  Production performance parameters
• What technical knowledge is required for vaccination strategy?

  Technical knowledge of vaccines available
• What current knowledge is needed for vaccination strategy?

  The current standard vaccination programme
• What is a vaccine?

  Administration of less pathogenic antigen
• What types of vaccines are there?

  Live, inactivated, genetically modified

  
• What is a characteristic of live vaccines?

  Relatively cheap to produce and administer
• How are live vaccines administered?

  Spray, water, or skin stab
• What is a disadvantage of live vaccines?

  May cause depression of growth
• What is a characteristic of inactivated vaccines?

  Expensive to produce and administer
• How are inactivated vaccines typically administered?

  Injection with needle or needleless
• What is a common reaction to live vaccines?

  Stimulates a mild 'infection'

  
• What factors affect vaccine reaction severity?

  Level of maternally derived antibody
• What are the factors affecting vaccine reaction severity?

  • Full dose entry failure
  • Ill thrift/pre-existing morbidity
  • Level of maternally derived antibody
  • Vaccination strain used
  • Dose of vaccine administered
  • Route of vaccine administration
  • Timing of vaccination
  • Concurrent immunosuppression
  • Water, litter, and air quality
  • Poor husbandry
• How do you calculate the volume of water needed for vaccination?

  Estimate daily water consumption
• What is a disadvantage of vaccination?

  Cost of administration and vaccine
• What can happen with live vaccines regarding virulence?

  Can revert to virulence
• What should be considered when developing a vaccination program?

  • Disease history specific to site
  • Regional disease incidence
  • National disease status
  • Market requirements
  • Cost of disease
  • Vaccine characteristics
• What are some costs associated with disease?

  Mortality and production costs
• What is a characteristic of vaccine pathogenicity?

  Impact on animal health
• What is the importance of cross protection studies?

  To assess vaccine effectiveness against variants
• What is the role of adjuvants in vaccines?

  Enhance immune response
• What is the significance of the SPC/NOAH in vaccination?

  Provides information on contraindications
• What is the purpose of IB Protectotypes?

  To provide manufacturer or research data

  
• What is the importance of vaccine compatibility?

  Ensures effective vaccination without interference
• What is the impact of laboratory testing on vaccines?

  Determines vaccine efficacy and safety
• What does disease history include in vaccination programs?

  Specific site, regional incidence, national status
• Why are market requirements important in vaccination programs?

  They ensure compliance with health and export standards
• What are some costs associated with disease?

  Mortality, production, medication costs
• What are key vaccine characteristics to consider?

  Licenced uses, efficacy, duration of immunity
• What does cross protection refer to in vaccines?

  Protection against different strains of a virus