Managing bacterial infection of poultry

• What is the first step in the problem-solving approach?

  Problem Identification
• What is the second step in the problem-solving approach?

  Data Collection
• What is the fourth step in the problem-solving approach?

  Diagnostic Testing
• What is the fifth step in the problem-solving approach?

  Data Analysis and Interpretation
• What is the sixth step in the problem-solving approach?

  Evidence-Based Intervention
• What is the seventh step in the problem-solving approach?

  Monitoring and Evaluation
• What is the eighth step in the problem-solving approach?

  Prevention Strategies
• Which antibiotics are included in Category D?

  Narrow spectrum penicillins
• What is the significance of colistin sulfate in treatment?

  Used for chickens and turkeys with specific withdrawal periods

  
• What are the management procedures to prevent colibacillosis?

  • Prevent faecal contamination
  • Clear rodent droppings
  • Provide clean feed and water
  • Ensure good air and litter quality
• What is colibacillosis caused by?

  Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)

  
• How is colibacillosis transmitted?

  Egg transmission and direct contact
• What are the clinical signs of coliform omphalitis?

  Distended abdomen and wet vent
• What is the cause of putrefactive necrotic processes in yolk sac infections?

  Yolk content in the peritoneal cavity
• What can aggravate swollen head syndrome?

  Upper respiratory viral infection
• What is the diagnosis of peritonitis based on?

  Clinical signs and PM findings
• What are common clinical signs of E. coli infection?

  Respiratory distress and swollen abdomen
• What are PM findings associated with E. coli infection?

  Retained yolk sac and pericarditis
• What is the treatment for colibacillosis?

  Amoxicillin, Neomycin, Fluoroquinolones
• What is the withdrawal period for amoxicillin in chickens?

  1 day for meat and offal
• What is the withdrawal period for colistin sulfate in eggs?

  Zero days
• What are the management procedures to prevent colibacillosis?

  • Prevent faecal contamination
  • Clear rodent droppings
  • Provide clean feed and water
  • Ensure good air and litter quality
• What are the clinical signs of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection?

  Respiratory rales, coughing, nasal discharges
• What is the transmission method for Mycoplasma gallisepticum?

  Horizontal and vertical transmission
• What are the clinical signs of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in turkeys?

  Infraorbital sinusitis
• What are the pathological findings in Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections?

  Catarrhal exudates in nasal passages
• What is the significance of the mucous membrane thickening in Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections?

  Indicates inflammation in affected tissues
• What are the common clinical signs of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in birds?

  • Sneezing
  • Coughing
  • Moist rales
  • Breathing through open beak
  • Reduced feed consumption
  • Decreased egg production
• What are the pathological findings associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections?

  • Catarrhal exudates in nasal passages
  • Caseous exudates in air sacs
  • Thickening of mucous membranes
• How long do birds remain infected with the disease?

  For life
• Which bird is more susceptible to sinusitis?

  Turkeys
• What is a common finding in air sacs of infected birds?

  Caseous exudates
• What does thickening of the mucous membrane indicate?

  Infiltration with mononuclear cells
• What is the purpose of the HI test?

  Detect antibodies inhibiting hemagglutination
• What is the withdrawal period for Tylosin Tartrate in meat?

  1 day
• How is Mycoplasma synoviae transmitted?

  Horizontally and vertically
• What are the first clinical signs of Mycoplasma synoviae infection?

  Retarded growth and lameness
• What pathological finding is associated with Mycoplasma synoviae?

  Creamy to gray exudates in joints
• What is the treatment for Mycoplasma synoviae infection?

  Tylosin Tartrate and Tiamulin
• What is the withdrawal period for Tiamulin in chickens?

  1 day for meat