Paper chromatography

• What analytical technique is used to separate substances in a mixture?

  Chromatography
• What is the specific type of chromatography discussed in the video?

  Paper chromatography
• What is the purpose of paper chromatography?

  To separate different dyes in ink
• What are the steps involved in performing paper chromatography?

  1. Draw a baseline on filter paper.
  2. Add ink sample on the baseline.
  3. Prepare a shallow solvent in a beaker.
  4. Place the filter paper in the solvent without submerging the ink.
  5. Cover the beaker to prevent evaporation.
  6. Wait for the solvent to rise and separate the dyes.
  7. Remove and dry the paper to observe the chromatogram.
• What is a chromatogram?

  The pattern of spots left after chromatography
• What are the mobile and stationary phases in chromatography?

  Mobile phase is the solvent; stationary phase is the paper
• How do different chemicals move in paper chromatography?

  They dissolve and bind to the paper repeatedly
• What determines how fast a chemical moves up the paper?

  Solubility in the solvent and attraction to the paper
• What happens to a pure substance during chromatography?

  It produces a single spot on the chromatogram
• How is the rf value calculated in chromatography?

  Distance travelled by substance divided by solvent distance
• If a pink substance travels 6 cm and the solvent travels 10 cm, what is the rf value?

  $0.6$
• What factors can affect the rf value in chromatography?

  Type of solvent and type of paper used
• Why is it important to consider the solvent and paper type when looking up rf values?

  They can change the chromatogram appearance
• What are the key concepts of mobile and stationary phases in chromatography?

  • Mobile phase: liquid or gas that moves
  • Stationary phase: solid or thick liquid that doesn't move
  • Movement depends on solubility and attraction
• What are the implications of using different solvents or papers in chromatography?

  • Different chromatograms may result
  • rf values will vary
  • Identification of substances may change