Paper chromatography

• What is the main use of chromatography?

  To separate mixtures into individual components
• What are the two phases used in chromatography?

  Stationary phase and mobile phase
• What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?

  The chromatography paper
• What does the mobile phase consist of in chromatography?

  Solvent like ethanol or water
• What factors affect how far substances travel in chromatography?

  Solubility and affinity to the paper
• What is the Rf value in chromatography?

  Ratio of distance traveled by solute to solvent
• How do you calculate the Rf value?

  $Rf =$$\frac{B}{A}$
• What does a higher Rf value indicate?

  The substance traveled further up the paper
• How can you determine if a substance is present in a mixture using chromatography?

  Compare Rf values of reference and sample
• What happens to the Rf value if you change the solvent?

  The Rf value may change
• Why is it important to trust the results of chromatography?

  It provides reliable separation of compounds
• What is the purpose of using a reference in chromatography?

  To compare with the sample's Rf value
• What does it mean if two spots have the same Rf value?

  They may be the same substance
• What can be inferred if a spot appears in the reference but not in the sample?

  The compound is not present in the mixture
• What is the significance of the distance traveled by the solvent in chromatography?

  It is used to calculate the Rf value
• What does it mean if a substance moves further up the stationary phase?

  It has a higher solubility in the solvent
• How does the chromatography process help in identifying substances?

  By comparing Rf values of known substances
• What is the role of the solvent in chromatography?

  To carry the substances up the paper
• What does "affinity to the paper" refer to in chromatography?

  The attraction of substances to the stationary phase
• What is the definition of the stationary phase in chromatography?

  The phase that does not move during the process
• What practical applications does chromatography have?

  Identifying and separating substances in mixtures