Wave-Particle Duality

Cards (27)

  • What is the phenomenon called when light behaves as both a particle and a wave?
    Wave-particle duality
  • How does light interact with matter?
    As a particle
  • What provides evidence for light behaving as a particle?
    The photoelectric effect
  • How does light propagate through space?
    As a wave
  • What experiment demonstrates the wave nature of light?
    Young's Double-Slit Experiment
  • What occurs during diffraction of waves?
    Waves spread out after passing through a gap
  • What happens when light passes through a slit similar in width to its wavelength?
    A diffraction pattern forms
  • Who proposed that light can be described as quanta of energy?
    Einstein
  • What are photons?
    Particles of light energy
  • What does the equation E = hf represent?
    Energy of photons
  • What is the threshold frequency in the photoelectric effect?
    The minimum frequency to emit photoelectrons
  • How does the wave theory of light explain photoelectric emission?
    Any frequency can cause emission over time
  • What does the wave theory suggest about energy absorption by electrons?
    Energy increases gradually with each wave
  • How does the kinetic energy of emitted electrons relate to radiation intensity?
    It should increase with intensity
  • What is observed when light frequency is above the threshold?
    More photoelectrons are emitted per second
  • What does the wave theory fail to explain?
    The photoelectric effect
  • Who discovered that matter can behave as a wave?
    Louis de Broglie
  • What is produced when a beam of electrons is directed at a thin graphite film?
    A diffraction pattern
  • Why can't diffraction be explained by describing electrons as particles?
    Diffraction is a property of waves
  • What must electrons be focused through to observe diffraction?
    A gap similar to their de Broglie wavelength
  • Why is graphite film ideal for observing electron diffraction?
    It has a crystalline structure
  • What happens to the diameter of diffraction rings with larger accelerating voltage?
    It reduces the diameter of rings
  • What happens to the diameter of diffraction rings with lower accelerating voltage?
    It increases the diameter of rings
  • What is the experimental setup to demonstrate electron diffraction?
    • Electrons are accelerated in an electron gun
    • High potential (e.g., 5000 V)
    • Directed through thin film of graphite
    • Electrons diffract from gaps between carbon atoms
    • Produce circular pattern on fluorescent screen
  • How does increasing voltage affect the energy and speed of electrons?
    It increases both energy and speed
  • What is the relationship between kinetic energy and voltage across the anode-cathode?
    Kinetic energy is proportional to voltage
  • What is the equation for kinetic energy of electrons?
    E = 12mv2=\frac{1}{2} mv^2 =eV eV