Chapter 15: The Rump and the Nominated Assembly

• Apocalyptic?

  Complete destruction or the end of the world
• Hagiocracy?

  Rule by the saints or by the godly
• Interregnum?

  The English republic that existed between 1649-1660
• Why did the Dutch War start?

  The Dutch were antagonised by the Rump's pro-English trade agreements, and their conflict escalated into a naval campaign
• Why did the New Model Army oppose the Dutch War?

  They resented money being spent on the navy instead of the army, and they hated fighting a religiously tolerant Protestant country
• The nature of the Rump?

  Around 15% were radicals, whereas the rest were conservative
• Reasons for the Rump's conservatism?

  Over half of the initial MPs refused to agree to the regicide, and conservatives who were removed during Pride's Purge were reinstated. England could not afford radical reforms (especially during the Dutch War), and they prioritised protecting the stability of the new regime
• Key problems which caused the Rump's demise?

  Their conservatism was opposed by a radical minority, and they held less power than the army
• The Hale Commission?

  A failed attempt to reform English law during the Interregnum
• The Rump's failure to reform?

  The Hale Commission and Blasphemy Act, alongside the lack of abolition of tithes
• Blasphemy Act?

  The Rump's attempt to limit the influence of radicals, like Quakers
• Successful reforms made by the Rump?

  They ended mandatory Church attendance and Latin services, and supported propagation
• Why could the army start to pressure the Rump after a few years?

  They had succeeded militarily in Ireland and Scotland, giving them increased credibility
• Why did Cromwell dissolve the Rump in April 1653?

  He valued army support over parliamentary support, so he planned to dissolve the assembly in November. However, he moved the dissolution ahead when he learnt of the Rump's plan to continue itself as a committee of judges
• Cromwell's form of governing after the Rump's dissolution in 1653?

  He was not interested in ruling as a military dictator, so he entrusted the next Assembly to the godly, thus forming the Nominated Assembly
• Fifth Monarchist beliefs?

  Rooted in millenarianism (the imminent end of the world). They were popular amongst the New Model Army and supported by the recent civil wars
• What did Fifth Monarchist Thomas Harrison call Charles I in April 1648?

  A "man of blood"
• Thomas Harrison?

  An extremely radical New Model Army member and prominent regicide. He had an enormous influence in Wales in the 1650s. He opposed the Rump and Protectorate, and was the first regicide to be executed
• Recruiter MP?

  MPs recruited to replace royalist MPs during the Interregnum
• When did the Nominated Assembly sit?

  July-December 1653
• Alternate names for the Nominated Assembly?

  The Little Parliament, the Barebone's Parliament or the Parliament of Saints
• Positive reform proposals from the Nominated Assembly?

  A revamp of debt law, more humane treatment of the insane, better administration around civil registration (births, deaths, marriages) and tougher measures on highwaymen
• Chancery?

  A leading royal court that settled disputes between members of the Political Nation
• Lay patronage?

  Allowed the local gentry to determine the area's vicar
• How many Fifth Monarchists were in the Nominated Assembly?

  Only 12, but they were very well organised
• What did the Fifth Monarchists accomplish in the Nominated Assembly?

  They controversially abolished Chancery and lay patronage, and tried to remove the tithe. They also ousted pro-Rump JPs
• Why did the Nominated Assembly collapse?

  Their reforms alienated moderates, like Cromwell, and their suggestion to cut army pay resulted in a New Model Army coup led by Lambert
• What did Lambert try to do after dissolving the Nominated Assembly?

  Establish Cromwell as Lord Protector via the Instrument of Government
• What does Cromwell's decision to not seize power after dissolving the Rump reflect?

  His political conservatism
• What does the establishment of the Nominated Assembly show about Cromwell?

  His religious radicalism
• Strength and weakness of Cromwell's "ideological schizophrenia"?

  He was exposed to a wide range of views, but this meant his leadership was inconsistent