Internet & WWW

• Bandwidth refers to the maximum amount of data transmitted over an Internet Connection.
• Broadband refers to high-speed transmission of data, voice and video over long distances.
• Throttling is the intentional slowing or speeding up of an Internet connection by an ISP. It is used to regulate traffic and minimise bandwidth congestion.
• Shaping is when the restrictions are applied to certain type of data such as torrents and streamining.
• A Plug-in is a software module that adds a special feature to an existing computer program to customise it.
• An Ad Blocker is a plug-in which blocks advertisements from appearing on web pages.
• A browser extension is a small software module that provides customisation for a web browser.
• Search Engine Optimisation(SEO) is a combination of strategies to increase the number of visitors to a website by obtaining a high-ranking placement in the search results.
• Search Engine Results Page(SERP) are Google's response to a user's search query.
• A wiki is a collaborative tool created for people to contribute and modify content to share ideas through simple webpages that are linked together.
• A wiki can be used within an organisation to collect and share ideas about a project.
• The GPS is a satellite-based navigation system made up of at least 24 satellites that can be used to determine the location of a device.
• Geotagging or GPS photo tagging is the process of embedding information(metadata) about the location to digital media like coordinates and place names.
• Location Based Services are services that use the geographical position of a device to provide contextual info to the nearest ATM, restaurant or retail store.
• A chatbot is a software application that is used to carry out online conversations using text or voice commands. This is AI power-driven software.
• The Surface Web is the part of the World Wide Web where standard search engines are used. Examples include Facebook, blogs, websites, Google and e-commerce.
• The Deep Web is made up of web pages that cannot be accessed by a search engine. It contains unlinked content, limited access content, private content etc.
• The size of the deep web is around 90% of the Internet.
• The Dark Web is similar to the Deep Web but is intentionally hidden form search engines, uses masked IP addresses and is only accessible through a special web browser.
• Digital currencies only exist online in either digital or electronic form...nothing physical.
• Digital currencies can make payments quickly, inexpensively and without unnecessary intermediaries, such as Visa and Mastercard.
• A blockchain is a decentralised, distributed and public digital ledger to create trust. They act as a shared database, distributed across large networks with no single point of failure.
• Cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, are a type of digital currency that uses blockchain technology making it almost impossible to counterfeit or double-spend.
• Cryptocurrencies work using blockchain technology.
• Cryptocurrency is a medium of exchange, created and stored electronically in the blockchain using encryption techniques to control the creation of monetary units and to verify the transfer of funds.
• Examples of ISPs include MWEB, Telkom, MTN, Cell C, Herotel etc.
• An ISP is a company with a permanent, fast connection to the Internet, and that sells internet access and services to individuals and organisations for a monthly fee.
• Throttling your internet connection is basically the ISP slowing it down.
• A shaped internet connection means that preference is given to certain services on the internet, such as email, downloading and browsing.
• An unshaped internet connection means that all the internet services are given the same priority.
• HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol
• Cloud Computing is a general term that refers to the sharing and use of resources and applications offered as services over the Internet.
• Online Storage refers to you storing files in an online(internet) storage location. It means that the files have been stored on a computer on the internet.
• Grid computing is a system whereby the resources of different computers are shared and used at the same time to solve a single problem.
• grid Computing uses distributed processing where the processing that is necessary to solve a problem is distributed amongst computers, which increases the total processing power.
• A Virtual Private Network (VPN) allows users to access their organisation's network from anywhere with an internet connection.
• Routers manage traffic between networks.
• CACHE is an area for the temporary storage of data for quick access.
• 4 Examples of Network Topologies

  
• A Firewall protects a network by monitoring and controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic based on certain security rules.