Resistance in a Thermistor

• What happens to the vibration of atoms as temperature increases?

  Atoms vibrate faster at higher temperatures
• How does electric current flow in a material?

  It is the flow of free electrons
• What effect do electrons colliding with vibrating atoms have on current?

  It impedes the flow, decreasing current
• What happens to resistance when current decreases?

  Resistance increases according to V = IR
• What is the relationship between temperature and resistance in a metallic conductor?

  Higher temperature increases resistance

  
• What is the behavior of resistance in a thermistor as temperature changes?

  Resistance decreases with an increase in temperature

  
• What type of conductor is a thermistor?

  A non-ohmic conductor
• What does NTC stand for in thermistors?

  Negative temperature coefficient
• How does the resistance of a thermistor change with temperature?

  Resistance decreases as temperature increases

  
• What are the applications of thermistors?

  • Temperature sensors
  • Used in ovens
  • Used in fire alarms
  • Used in digital thermometers
• What happens to the resistance of a thermistor when it gets hotter?

  Its resistance decreases

  
• What happens to the resistance of a thermistor when it gets cooler?

  Its resistance increases

  
• What is the relationship between the resistance of a thermistor and its temperature?

  Resistance depends on the thermistor's temperature

  
• What happens to the potential difference across a thermistor when its temperature decreases?

  • The resistance of the thermistor increases
  • The potential difference across it increases
  • Current in the circuit remains the same
• What is a thermistor?

  A thermistor is a non-ohmic conductor and sensory resistor whose resistance varies with temperature

  
• Why does the resistance of a thermistor change with temperature?

  Because the higher the temperature, the faster the atoms in the thermistor vibrate, which impedes the flow of electrons and increases the resistance

  
• What is the relationship between temperature and resistance for a metallic conductor?

  An increase in temperature causes an increase in resistance, and a decrease in temperature causes a decrease in resistance

  
• What is the relationship between temperature and resistance for a thermistor?

  An increase in temperature causes a decrease in resistance, and a decrease in temperature causes an increase in resistance

  
• Why does the resistance of a thermistor decrease as temperature increases?

  Because the higher the temperature, the faster the atoms in the thermistor vibrate, which allows electrons to flow more easily through the material, decreasing the resistance

  
• A thermistor is connected in series with a resistor R and a battery. If the temperature of the thermistor decreases, what happens to the potential difference across the thermistor?

  The potential difference across the thermistor increases

  
• A thermistor is connected in series with a resistor R and a battery. If the temperature of the thermistor decreases, what happens to the current through the resistor R?

  The current through the resistor R decreases

  
• What are the main applications of thermistors?

  • Temperature sensors in circuits such as ovens, fire alarms, and digital thermometers
  • Used to detect temperature changes and provide feedback to control systems
  • Can be used to compensate for temperature changes in other electronic components
• What is the temperature-resistance graph for a thermistor like?

  The graph shows that as temperature increases, the resistance of the thermistor decreases, and vice versa

  
• How does the behavior of a thermistor differ from a metallic conductor in terms of the relationship between temperature and resistance?

  • For a metallic conductor, an increase in temperature causes an increase in resistance
  • For a thermistor, an increase in temperature causes a decrease in resistance

  
• What is the formula to calculate the potential difference across a resistor?

  V = IR
• If the resistance of a thermistor increases, what happens to the potential difference across it?

  The potential difference across the thermistor increases

  
• How does the behavior of a thermistor differ from a metallic conductor in terms of the effect of temperature on resistance?

  For a metallic conductor, an increase in temperature causes an increase in resistance, while for a thermistor, an increase in temperature causes a decrease in resistance

  
• What are the key differences between the behavior of a thermistor and a metallic conductor in terms of the relationship between temperature and resistance?

  • Metallic conductor: Increase in temperature causes increase in resistance
  • Thermistor: Increase in temperature causes decrease in resistance

  
• What are the key differences between the function of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

  • TEMs produce 2D images, while SEMs produce 3D images
  • TEMs can only be used for living specimens, while SEMs are for non-living samples
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research methods?

  Strengths:

  • Provides in-depth, rich data
  • Flexible and adaptable to new information
  • Captures complex phenomena

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Time-consuming and labor-intensive
  • Potential for researcher bias
  • Limited generalizability
  • Difficulty in replicating results
• How does photosynthesis work in plants?

  Process of photosynthesis:

  1. Light absorption by chlorophyll
  2. Light-dependent reactions: water splits, electrons excited
  3. Electron transport chain: ATP and NADPH produced
  4. Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions):

  • CO2 fixation
  • Reduction of fixed carbon
  • Regeneration of RuBP

  1. Glucose and other carbohydrates synthesized
• What is the first derivative of $x^2$?


  $2x$
• What are the main components of the cell membrane?

  • Phospholipid bilayer
  • Proteins (integral and peripheral)
  • Cholesterol
  • Carbohydrates (in glycoproteins and glycolipids)
• What are the steps of the scientific method?

  1. Ask a question
  2. Do background research
  3. Construct a hypothesis
  4. Test the hypothesis by doing an experiment
  5. Analyze the data and draw a conclusion
  6. Communicate the results