Energy in SHM

• What types of energy are involved in simple harmonic motion (SHM)?

  Potential and kinetic energy

  
• How does a pendulum demonstrate energy interplay in SHM?

  It involves gravitational potential and kinetic energy

  
• What types of energy are involved in the horizontal oscillation of a mass on a spring?

  Elastic potential energy and kinetic energy

  
• When does a horizontal mass-spring system have maximum elastic potential energy?

  When stretched beyond its equilibrium position
• What happens to kinetic energy when a mass is released from a stretched spring?

  Kinetic energy increases as it moves back
• At what position is kinetic energy maximum in a horizontal mass-spring system?

  At the equilibrium position
• What happens to elastic potential energy at the equilibrium position?

  It is at its minimum
• What is the maximum gravitational potential energy in a simple pendulum?

  At the amplitude at the top of the swing

  
• How does kinetic energy change as a pendulum moves towards the equilibrium position?

  Kinetic energy increases as it moves down
• What happens to gravitational potential energy as the pendulum descends?

  It decreases as height decreases
• Where is kinetic energy maximum in a simple pendulum?

  At the equilibrium position

  
• Where is gravitational potential energy maximum in a simple pendulum?

  At the amplitude position
• What is the law of conservation of energy in SHM?

  • Total energy remains constant
  • Energy transfers between potential and kinetic forms
  • Energy is never created or destroyed

  
• What is the equation for total energy in an SHM system?

  E = E_P + E_K
• What does E represent in the total energy equation?

  Total energy in joules (J)
• What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

  E_P = mgh
• What is the formula for elastic potential energy?

  E_P = $\frac{1}{2} kx^2$
• What is the formula for kinetic energy?

  E_K = $\frac{1}{2} mv^2$
• What are the key features of the energy-displacement graph in SHM?

  • Displacement has positive and negative values
  • Potential energy maximum at amplitude positions
  • Kinetic energy maximum at equilibrium position
  • Total energy is a horizontal line above curves

  
• What are the key features of the energy-time graph for a simple pendulum?

  • Kinetic and gravitational potential energy vary periodically
  • They are periodic functions (sine or cosine)
  • Total energy is a horizontal line above energy curves
  • Energy values are always positive

  
• How do you determine the total energy of an object in SHM from a graph?

  It equals the maximum kinetic energy value

  
• How is amplitude defined in SHM?

  Maximum displacement from equilibrium position
• How do you find maximum velocity from maximum kinetic energy?

  Using $v =$$\sqrt{\frac{2E_K}{m}}$
• How do you calculate potential energy at a specific displacement?

  Using $E_P =$$E - E_K$
• What should you do when drawing energy graphs for exams?

  • Ensure curves are even
  • Use a ruler for straight lines
  • Represent total energy accurately