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Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
Forced Vibrations and Resonance
Resonance
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Created by
Harry Parker
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Cards (24)
What is the frequency of forced oscillations called?
Driving frequency
(f)
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What is the natural frequency of an oscillating system?
Frequency when oscillating
freely
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What happens when the driving frequency approaches the natural frequency?
The
system
gains more energy
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What is resonance defined as?
Driving frequency
equals
natural frequency
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How does pushing a child on a swing demonstrate resonance?
Push matches swing's
natural frequency
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What occurs if the driving frequency does not match the natural frequency?
Amplitude increases but less than at
resonance
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Why is energy transferred most efficiently at resonance?
Driving
frequency
matches natural frequency
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What is a resonance curve?
Graph of
driving frequency
vs
amplitude
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What happens to amplitude when driving frequency is less than natural frequency?
Amplitude
of
oscillations increases
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What occurs at the peak of the resonance curve?
Amplitude
is at its maximum
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What happens when driving frequency exceeds natural frequency?
Amplitude of oscillations starts to decrease
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How does damping affect resonance vibrations?
Damping reduces
amplitude
of vibrations
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What remains unchanged when damping is increased?
Natural frequency
of the
oscillator
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How does the resonance curve change with increased damping?
Peak lowers, broadens, and shifts left
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What does increased damping do to the sharpness of resonance?
Reduces
the
sharpness
of
resonance
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What can cause glass to smash due to resonance?
High pitched sound wave at
right
frequency
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How does a radio demonstrate resonance?
Tuned to
resonate
with
broadcast frequency
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What mechanical system is commonly used to show resonance?
Barton's
pendulums
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What happens when pendulum X is released in Barton's pendulums?
It
drives
the
other
pendulums
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Why does pendulum C have the largest amplitude in Barton's pendulums?
Its
natural frequency
matches pendulum X
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How are the phases of oscillations related to the lengths of pendulums?
Shorter lengths are
in phase
, longer are
out
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What phase is pendulum C with length L relative to the driver?
0.5π
out of phase
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What phase are pendulums B and A with lengths greater than L?
π
out of phase
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What phase are pendulums E and D with lengths less than L?
In
phase
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