hydrocarobns

• crude oi is a mixture of hydrocarbons that have not been refined
• crude oil is remains of plankton and other living material buried in mud million of years ago
• crude oil is a finite resource What is that?

  Non-renewable
• Hydrocarbons are compounds made from only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
• The hydrocarbon molecules in crude oil are made up of carbon atoms in chains or rings.
• What are most substances used is crude oil for?

  fuel
• substances in crude oil are also used for

  • feedstocks for petrochemical industry(makes products like plastics)
  • fuels
• what are the different groups of hydrocarbons?(and what do they all have)

  fractions they all have a similar number of carbon atoms.
• The mixture of hydrocarbons in crude oil can be separated to form useful products.
• Fractional distillation .

  1.  evaporate the crude oil by heating it.

  This causes most of the hydrocarbons to evaporate and rise up the fractional distillation column.
• 2. The column is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top.

  Short hydrocarbons have lower boiling points.

  As a result, short hydrocarbons condense near the top of the column where it is cooler.

  Long hydrocarbons have higher boiling points.

  As a result, long hydrocarbons condense nearer the bottom of the column.
• what is gases used for

  domestic heating and cooking.
• What is petrol used for?

  fuel for cars
• What is Bitumen (fraction containing the longest hydrocarbons) used for?

  surface roads and roofs.
• In crude oil, most of the hydrocarbons are a type called alkanes.
• All the carbon and hydrogen atoms are connected by single covalent bonds.
• hydrocarbon properties are:

  • Boiling point 
  • Viscosity is a measure of how sticky (or thick) a liquid is.
  • Ease of ignition is a measure of how easy it is to burn something.
• The differences in properties explain why different fractions of hydrocarbons have different uses.
• shorter hydrocarbons

  • lower boiling points,
  • lower viscosity
  • high flammability.
  •  contain the fewest carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • found in the gases fraction.
• Longer hydrocarbons

  • higher boiling points
  • higher viscosity
  • low flammability
  • found in the bitumen fraction at the bottom of the column.
  • contain the most carbon and hydrogen atoms.
• crude oil is useless what happens for it to become useful?

  needs to be seperated
• crude oil formation

  1. tiny animals die and buried in sea floor for millions of years
  2. sediments keep oxygen away and dead animals start decaying
  3. more sediment builds up on top of dead animals so heat ad pressure turns them to oil
• What is different factions in crude oil separated by

  fractional distillation
• How is crude oil seperated

  1. oil is heated and most turns into gas
  2. gases enter fractionating column(liquid bit bitumen is drained of at bottom)
  3. in column there's temperature gradient so its hot and bottom and cooler as you go up
• fractions: GreatPigsKickDeadFlyingBats

  1. gases
  2. petrol
  3. keresone
  4. diesel oi
  5. fuel oil
  6. bitumen
• what is viscous

  harder it is too flow(thickness)
• what is keresone used for?

  fuel for planes
• What is diesel oil used for?

  fuels for cars and trains
• what is fuel oil used for?

  fuels for ships and power stations
• what is bitumen used for?

  to surface roads