Schaffer and emerson 1964

Cards (30)

  • Who conducted the longitudinal study on attachment in babies?
    Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson
  • What was the sample size of the study conducted by Schaffer and Emerson?
    60 babies
  • Over what period were the babies studied in the longitudinal study?
    First 18 months of their life
  • Where were the children studied during the research?
    In their own home
  • What type of pattern was identified in the development of attachment?
    A regular pattern
  • How often were the babies visited during the study?
    Monthly for approximately one year
  • What methods were used to gather data in the study?
    Observations and interviews
  • What evidence indicated the development of an attachment in babies?
    Separation anxiety after a carer left
  • How did the researchers determine that an attachment had developed?
    By observing separation anxiety in babies
  • What type of study design was used by Schaffer and Emerson?
    Longitudinal study
  • What was the main focus of Schaffer and Emerson's study?
    Development of attachment in infants
  • In what decade was the study by Schaffer and Emerson conducted?
    The 1960s
  • What is the attachment type for babies up to 3 months of age?
    Indiscriminate attachments
  • How do babies respond to caregivers up to 3 months of age?
    They respond equally to any caregiver
  • What change occurs in baby attachments after 4 months?
    Preference for certain people
  • What do infants learn after 4 months regarding caregivers?
    They distinguish primary and secondary caregivers
  • What is the attachment type for babies after 7 months?
    Special preference for a single attachment figure
  • What behaviors indicate a baby's attachment after 7 months?
    Fear of strangers and separation anxiety
  • How do some babies differ in their attachment behaviors after 7 months?
    They show varying intensity of stranger fear and separation anxiety
  • By what age has attachment usually developed in babies?
    By one year of age
  • What percentage of children had their mother as the main attachment figure at 18 months?
    65%
  • What percentage of infants developed a primary attachment to their father?
    3%
  • By 18 months, what percentage of infants had formed multiple attachments?
    31%
  • What attachment type develops after 9 months?
    Multiple attachments
  • What did the study indicate about the formation of attachments?
    Attachments form with those who respond accurately to social
  • What term did Schaffer and Emerson use to describe the responsiveness that aids attachment formation?
    Sensitive responsiveness
  • What is the most important factor in forming attachments according to the study?
    Who plays and communicates with the child
  • How does the study differentiate between attachment figures?
    Based on responsiveness, not time spent
  • What behavior characterizes babies after 9 months regarding independence?
    They become increasingly independent
  • What are the stages of attachment development in babies?
    1. Up to 3 months: Indiscriminate attachments
    2. After 4 months: Preference for certain people
    3. After 7 months: Special preference for a single attachment figure
    • Fear of strangers
    • Separation anxiety
    1. After 9 months: Multiple attachments