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Psychology
Attachment
Schaffer and emerson 1964
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Cards (30)
Who conducted the longitudinal study on attachment in babies?
Rudolph Schaffer
and
Peggy Emerson
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What was the sample size of the study conducted by Schaffer and Emerson?
60
babies
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Over what period were the babies studied in the longitudinal study?
First
18 months
of their life
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Where were the children studied during the research?
In their own
home
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What type of pattern was identified in the development of attachment?
A
regular
pattern
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How often were the babies visited during the study?
Monthly
for
approximately
one year
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What methods were used to gather data in the study?
Observations
and
interviews
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What evidence indicated the development of an attachment in babies?
Separation anxiety
after a
carer
left
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How did the researchers determine that an attachment had developed?
By observing
separation anxiety
in babies
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What type of study design was used by Schaffer and Emerson?
Longitudinal study
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What was the main focus of Schaffer and Emerson's study?
Development of attachment in
infants
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In what decade was the study by Schaffer and Emerson conducted?
The
1960s
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What is the attachment type for babies up to 3 months of age?
Indiscriminate attachments
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How do babies respond to caregivers up to 3 months of age?
They
respond
equally
to any
caregiver
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What change occurs in baby attachments after 4 months?
Preference for certain people
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What do infants learn after 4 months regarding caregivers?
They distinguish
primary
and
secondary
caregivers
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What is the attachment type for babies after 7 months?
Special preference for a
single
attachment figure
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What behaviors indicate a baby's attachment after 7 months?
Fear of strangers and
separation anxiety
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How do some babies differ in their attachment behaviors after 7 months?
They show varying intensity of
stranger fear
and
separation anxiety
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By what age has attachment usually developed in babies?
By one year of age
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What percentage of children had their mother as the main attachment figure at 18 months?
65%
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What percentage of infants developed a primary attachment to their father?
3%
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By 18 months, what percentage of infants had formed multiple attachments?
31%
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What attachment type develops after 9 months?
Multiple attachments
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What did the study indicate about the formation of attachments?
Attachments form with those who respond accurately to social
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What term did Schaffer and Emerson use to describe the responsiveness that aids attachment formation?
Sensitive
responsiveness
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What is the most important factor in forming attachments according to the study?
Who
plays
and
communicates
with
the
child
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How does the study differentiate between attachment figures?
Based on
responsiveness
, not time spent
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What behavior characterizes babies after 9 months regarding independence?
They become increasingly
independent
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What are the stages of attachment development in babies?
Up to 3 months:
Indiscriminate attachments
After
4 months
: Preference for certain people
After
7 months
: Special preference for a single attachment figure
Fear of strangers
Separation anxiety
After
9 months
: Multiple attachments
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