Exam questions

• What is one adaptation of Paramecium for gas exchange?

  Diffusion over cell membrane
• Why is a high surface area to volume ratio beneficial for Paramecium?

  It enhances diffusion efficiency
• What is a characteristic of Paramecium that aids in diffusion?

  Short diffusion path
• How does low metabolic demand benefit Paramecium?

  It requires less oxygen for survival
• How does oxygen availability differ between water and land for Paramecium?

  Lower oxygen in water than on land
• Why is the diffusion rate sufficient for Paramecium's needs?

  It meets metabolic requirements effectively
• What is a key adaptation of the flatworm Pseudoceros ferrugineus for gas exchange?

  External surface for diffusion
• How does being multicellular affect the surface area to volume ratio in flatworms?

  It results in a lower sa:vol ratio
• What shape adaptation do flatworms have to increase their surface area to volume ratio?

  Flat shape
• Why is a thin body beneficial for flatworms?

  It provides a short diffusion path
• How does the metabolic demand of flatworms compare to that of unicellular organisms?

  Higher metabolic demand due to more cells
• What is a key adaptation of the annelid Eisenia fetida for gas exchange?

  External surface for diffusion
• How does being multicellular affect the surface area to volume ratio in annelids?

  It results in a lower sa:vol ratio
• What shape adaptation do annelids have to increase their surface area to volume ratio?

  Cylindrical shape
• What role does the mucus layer play in Eisenia fetida's gas exchange?

  It aids in gas diffusion and oxygen dissolving
• Why do annelids have a high metabolic demand?

  Due to the presence of more cells
• What is the function of hemoglobin in annelids?

  Binding and transporting oxygen
• How do blood vessels assist in oxygen transport in annelids?

  They transport oxygen to cells far from surface