Cultural variations of strange situation

• Who conducted the study on cultural variations in attachment?

  Marinus van IJzendoorn and Pieter Kroonenberg
• What was the main aim of van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg's research?

  To assess cultural variation in attachment
• What method did the researchers use to analyze the studies on attachment?

  Meta-analysis of 32 studies
• How many studies were located by the researchers for their analysis?

  32 studies
• In how many countries were the studies conducted?

  Eight countries
• How many children were included in the studies analyzed?

  1,990 children
• What was the most common attachment classification found in all countries?

  Secure attachment
• What was the range of secure attachment proportions found in Britain and China?

  75% in Britain, 50% in China
• How did rates of insecure-resistant attachment in individualist cultures compare to Ainsworth's original sample?

  Similar, all under 14%
• What was notable about insecure-resistant attachment rates in collectivist cultures?

  Rates were above 25%
• What was the range of secure attachment found in studies within the USA?

  46% to 90% securely attached
• What are the key findings of van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg's research on attachment types?

  • Secure attachment most common globally
  • Variation in secure attachment: 75% (Britain) to 50% (China)
  • Individualist cultures: insecure-resistant under 14%
  • Collectivist cultures: insecure-resistant above 25%
  • Variations within countries exceed those between countries
• What are the implications of the findings on cultural variations in attachment?

  • Highlights the influence of culture on attachment styles
  • Suggests need for culturally sensitive approaches in psychology
  • Indicates significant differences within cultures