Standard Application Layer Protocols

• What does FTP stand for?

  File Transfer Protocol
• What does HTTP stand for?

  Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• What does HTTPS stand for?

  Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
• What does POP3 stand for?

  Post Office Protocol (v3)
• What does SMTP stand for?

  Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• What does SSH stand for?

  Secure Shell
• What is the purpose of FTP client software?

  To transfer files using FTP protocols
• How does SSH facilitate remote management?

  By providing secure access to remote systems
• What is the role of an email server?

  To retrieve and send email
• What is the role of a web server?

  To serve web pages in text form
• What does a web browser do?

  Retrieves and renders web pages
• What is the client in HTTP communication?

  The web browser on your device
• What is the purpose of an HTTP request?

  To request web pages from a server
• What does the server do upon receiving an HTTP request?

  Sends an HTTP response with the requested page
• What is the purpose of the GET request in HTTP?

  Requests a response from the server
• What does the POST request do in HTTP?

  Sends data to the server from a web form
• Why is HTTP considered not secure?

  Details of transactions can be seen
• How does HTTPS secure data exchange?

  By encrypting data with a digital certificate
• What is the function of FTP?

  To send files between two devices
• How does an FTP client operate?

  Initiates connections to the FTP server
• What is anonymous FTP?

  Publicly available FTP for file downloads
• What is the purpose of SSH?

  To provide encrypted remote access
• What is the role of SMTP?

  To transfer email from client to server
• How does POP3 function?

  Downloads emails and deletes them from server
• What is IMAP used for?

  To synchronize emails across devices
• What is the advantage of IMAP over POP3?

  Manages emails on multiple devices
• What is the function of an email server?

  Stores user emails and addresses
• What is the role of a web server?

  Hosts websites and handles user traffic
• What does a web browser do when accessing a web page?

  Requests the page from the DNS
• What happens when a web page is cached?

  It is stored temporarily for quick access
• What is the advantage of caching a web page?

  Retrieves it quickly without DNS request
• What is a potential issue with cached pages?

  They may become outdated if changed
• How do POP3 and IMAP differ in email management?

  POP3 deletes emails from the server, IMAP synchronizes
• What are the main types of HTTP request methods?

  • GET: Requests a response
  • HEAD: Requests header data
  • POST: Sends data to the server
  • PUT: Uploads a resource
  • DELETE: Deletes a resource
• What are the key functions of email and web servers?

  Email Server:

  • Stores user emails and addresses
  • Manages incoming and outgoing mail

  
  

  Web Server:

  • Hosts websites
  • Handles user traffic to the site
• What are the key features of SSH commands?

  • cd: Change directory
  • rm: Delete a file
  • mv: Rename a file
  • cp: Copy a file
  • vi: Create a file
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of caching web pages?

  Advantages:

  • Quick access to previously visited pages
  • Reduces bandwidth usage

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Cached pages may be outdated
  • Requires refreshing for updates